The present disclosure provides cytochrome P450 variants useful for carrying out in vivo and in vitro carbene insertion reactions. Methods for preparing carbene insertion products including cyclopropenes, cyclopropanes, bicyclobutanes, substituted lactones, cyclized compounds, and substituted amines are also described.

A method for improving the production of Streptomyces polyketide compounds is provided. The method greatly improves the capability of the Streptomyces polyketide compounds by strengthening a triacylglycerol decomposition pathway in Streptomyces during the stationary phase. A method for switching the primary metabolism of Streptomyces to the secondary metabolism, Streptomyces producing polyketide compounds, and use thereof are also provided.

A method for improving the production of Streptomyces polyketide compounds is provided. The method greatly improves the capability of the Streptomyces polyketide compounds by strengthening a triacylglycerol decomposition pathway in Streptomyces during the stationary phase. A method for switching the primary metabolism of Streptomyces to the secondary metabolism, Streptomyces producing polyketide compounds, and use thereof are also provided.

The present invention relates to lactic acid bacterial strains which are capable of producing or inducing the production of melatonin, for use in the production of melatonin in a subject. Preferred strains for such uses are capable of producing or inducing the production of adenosine. Therapeutic uses of such strains include the treatment or prevention of diseases associated with melatonin deficiency, for example infantile colic. Novel strains are also provided.

A method for catalytically converting a dihydrotetrazine 1 into a tetrazine 2, wherein the dihydrotetrazine 1 comprises a first R group and a second R group, wherein the first R group is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbonyl, or heteroatom-containing group, and the second R group is selected from the group consisting of H and substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbonyl, and heteroatom-containing groups; ##STR00001##
wherein the method comprises (a) providing the dihydrotetrazine 1 in a reaction medium, and (b) adding an enzyme as a catalyst and an oxidant to the reaction medium, whereby the dihydrotetrazine 1 is converted to the tetrazine 2.

A method for catalytically converting a dihydrotetrazine 1 into a tetrazine 2, wherein the dihydrotetrazine 1 comprises a first R group and a second R group, wherein the first R group is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbonyl, or heteroatom-containing group, and the second R group is selected from the group consisting of H and substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbonyl, and heteroatom-containing groups; ##STR00001##
wherein the method comprises (a) providing the dihydrotetrazine 1 in a reaction medium, and (b) adding an enzyme as a catalyst and an oxidant to the reaction medium, whereby the dihydrotetrazine 1 is converted to the tetrazine 2.

Methods for converting mixtures of anthocyanins occurring in fruit or vegetable juice or extract into particular anthocyanin molecules having desirable colorant properties are provided herein. The method of the present disclosure can be employed to increase the amount of particular anthocyanin molecules, while lowering the total number of anthocyanin molecules present in the natural juice and/or extract. The disclosure is also directed to anthocyanin molecules prepared by the methods of present disclosure and to enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions that provide such effects.

The invention provides compounds which are prodrugs of a JAK inhibitor agent for the targeted delivery of the JAK inhibitor to the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of using the compounds to treat gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing the compounds.

The present disclosure provides engineered ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, and methods of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize chiral compounds.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of a dyed biopolymer comprising the steps of providing at least one biopolymer-producing microorganism, providing at least one dye-producing microorganism, culturing said at least one biopolymer-producing microorganism to produce at least a biopolymer, and culturing said dye-producing microorganism wherein said dye-producing microorganism produce at least a dye suitable to dye at least part of said biopolymer, whereby a dyed biopolymer is obtained. The present invention also relates to a dyed biopolymer, to process for the production of a dyed composite article comprising at least the dyed biopolymer and to articles comprising the dyed biopolymer.