The present disclosure relates to recombinant yeast host cells having (i) a first genetic modification for reducing the production of one or more native enzymes that function to produce glycerol or regulating glycerol synthesis and/or allowing the production of an heterologous glucoamylase and (ii) a second genetic modification for reducing the production of one or more native enzymes that function to produce trehalose or regulating trehalose synthesis and/or allowing the expression of an heterologous trehalase. The recombinant yeast host cells can be used to limit the production of (yeast-produced) trehalose (particularly extracellular trehalose) during fermentation and, in some embodiments, can increase the production of a fermentation product (such as, for example, ethanol).

The disclosure is in the technical field of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. More particularly, the disclosure is in the technical field of cultivation or fermentation of metabolically engineered cells. The disclosure describes a cell metabolically engineered for production of a mixture of at least four different neutral non-fucosylated oligosaccharides. Furthermore, the disclosure provides a method for the production of a mixture of at least four different neutral non-fucosylated oligosaccharides by a cell as well as the purification of at least one of the oligosaccharides from the cultivation.

Compositions comprising polysaccharides and oligosaccharides are provided. Methods for the formation of the compositions, including the enzymatic production of the oligosaccharides, and the uses of the compositions in foodstuffs, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals are also provided.

Provided is a method for improving the production amount of a tri- or higher galactooligosaccharide and the reaction rate by a method for producing a galactooligosaccharide characterized by allowing β-galactosidase to react with a substrate in the presence of 5 to 60 mM sodium ions and 0.5 to 8 mM magnesium ions.

This invention relates to a method for the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides, preferably human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) The method comprises the enzymatic transfer of a glycosyl moiety and subsequent removal of by-products, such as lactose, by nanofiltration using a membrane comprising an active polyamide layer.

This invention relates to a method for the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides, preferably human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) The method comprises the enzymatic transfer of a glycosyl moiety and subsequent removal of by-products, such as lactose, by nanofiltration using a membrane comprising an active polyamide layer.

An industrial process using kestose hydrolases to enable the use of sugar mixtures containing 1-kestose in the industrial production of sucrose (as crystallized sugar) by providing a method for the conversion of 1-kestose into sucrose and fructose in a sugar solution, containing kestose and more than 10 mM sucrose (3 g/L), and comprising the enzymatic hydrolysis (preferably using 1-FEH enzymes—EC 3.2.1.153) of 1-kestose. The process further provides a method of producing a polypeptide having 1-kestose hydrolase activity and a composition comprising the polypeptide.

An industrial process using kestose hydrolases to enable the use of sugar mixtures containing 1-kestose in the industrial production of sucrose (as crystallized sugar) by providing a method for the conversion of 1-kestose into sucrose and fructose in a sugar solution, containing kestose and more than 10 mM sucrose (3 g/L), and comprising the enzymatic hydrolysis (preferably using 1-FEH enzymes—EC 3.2.1.153) of 1-kestose. The process further provides a method of producing a polypeptide having 1-kestose hydrolase activity and a composition comprising the polypeptide.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition containing isomaltulose from a substrate containing sucrose comprising the steps of: a) contacting the substrate containing sucrose with a particulate carrier-immobilized sucrose isomerase biomass and b) obtaining a composition containing isomaltulose, characterized in that the median particle size d(0.5) of the carrier-immobilized sucrose isomerase biomass is from 370 to 550 μm. The carrier can be an alginate or a polyvinyl alcohol carrier.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition containing isomaltulose from a substrate containing sucrose comprising the steps of: a) contacting the substrate containing sucrose with a particulate carrier-immobilized sucrose isomerase biomass and b) obtaining a composition containing isomaltulose, characterized in that the median particle size d(0.5) of the carrier-immobilized sucrose isomerase biomass is from 370 to 550 μm. The carrier can be an alginate or a polyvinyl alcohol carrier.