The present invention relates to compositions and methods for preserving and extracting nucleic acids from saliva. The compositions include a chelating agent, a denaturing agent, buffers to maintain the pH of the composition within ranges desirable for DNA and/or RNA. The compositions may also include a reducing agent and/or antimicrobial agent. The invention extends to methods of using the compositions of the invention to preserve and isolate nucleic acids from saliva as well as to containers for the compositions of the invention.

Methods and compositions for protecting DNA from light-induced damage and other modifications that occur during DNA sequencing using fluorescent dyes are disclosed.

Methods and compositions for protecting DNA from light-induced damage and other modifications that occur during DNA sequencing using fluorescent dyes are disclosed.

The invention describes novel serotonin c5-HT2B receptor antagonists of Formula (1), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein Ring A, L, X, X′,

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R.sup.3, R.sup.4, m and n are as defined herein. Also described are compositions comprising a Formula (1) compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and methods of using the compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), congestive heart failure (CHF) and/or asymptomatic heart failure in animals, preferably is a canine.

The invention describes novel serotonin c5-HT2B receptor antagonists of Formula (1), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein Ring A, L, X, X′,

##STR00001##

R.sup.3, R.sup.4, m and n are as defined herein. Also described are compositions comprising a Formula (1) compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and methods of using the compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), congestive heart failure (CHF) and/or asymptomatic heart failure in animals, preferably is a canine.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to method of preparing a substrate for sequencing by synthesis, including capturing library DNA to the surface using a low salt buffer solution prior to grafting primer oligonucleotides. Substrates prepared by the method described herein have increased monoclonality of clusters and sequencing by synthesis using the substrate prepared by the method are also described.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to method of preparing a substrate for sequencing by synthesis, including capturing library DNA to the surface using a low salt buffer solution prior to grafting primer oligonucleotides. Substrates prepared by the method described herein have increased monoclonality of clusters and sequencing by synthesis using the substrate prepared by the method are also described.

Provided herein are probes in which an Ap site of a probe strand can selectively cross-link with a 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG) of a target strand. Also provided for are methods of using such probes to generate and detect crosslinked molecules and methods of detecting disease associated genetic mutations.

Provided herein are probes in which an Ap site of a probe strand can selectively cross-link with a 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG) of a target strand. Also provided for are methods of using such probes to generate and detect crosslinked molecules and methods of detecting disease associated genetic mutations.

Disclosed herein is a more sensitive and accurate method of monitoring the pH of a solution, wherein the pH of the solution is quantified as a function of the electrochemical response of the solution in a two or three-electrode electrochemical cell, wherein the solution comprises a compound capable of undergoing a change in its oxidation state and/or structural conformation as a function of the pH of the solution. Also disclosed are highly accelerated methods and processes enabling analysis of specific polynucleotide sequences in a sample, e.g. a biological sample. The methods disclosed herein are, for example, useful for rapid screening of a large amount of samples in a point-of-care setting.