Related to is the field of nucleic acid testing, and in particular, a test kit or a method for testing a target nucleic acid in a sample. The test kit comprises therein a hybridization solution, which contains therein a non-ionic surfactant, a cationic polymer, and a buffer solution having a pH value in the range from 6.5 to 8.5. The test kit can further comprise therein a Tris-HCl color developing solution having a pH value in the range from 9.0 to 10.0 and containing a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkylglucoside. Testing target nucleic acid in a sample using the test kit has the advantages of short time consumption, easy operation, high throughput, and low costs.

Related to is the field of nucleic acid testing, and in particular, a test kit or a method for testing a target nucleic acid in a sample. The test kit comprises therein a hybridization solution, which contains therein a non-ionic surfactant, a cationic polymer, and a buffer solution having a pH value in the range from 6.5 to 8.5. The test kit can further comprise therein a Tris-HCl color developing solution having a pH value in the range from 9.0 to 10.0 and containing a C.sub.8-C.sub.18 alkylglucoside. Testing target nucleic acid in a sample using the test kit has the advantages of short time consumption, easy operation, high throughput, and low costs.

The present invention provides methods, immunoassays, kits and devices pertaining to the detection of multiple biomolecules from single cells or other biological entities. It also enables the highly parallel detection of interacting biomolecules from such entities.

The present invention provides methods, immunoassays, kits and devices pertaining to the detection of multiple biomolecules from single cells or other biological entities. It also enables the highly parallel detection of interacting biomolecules from such entities.

The use of ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) to detect methylated nucleotides in a DNA sample is described. A method of detecting methylated nucleotides in a DNA sample may include the steps of treating a sample of DNA with a reagent which discriminates between methylated and non-methylated nucleotides to provide treated DNA, amplifying the treated DNA and optionally sequencing the amplified DNA. An ISFET is used to monitor the addition of one or more dNTPs in the strand extension reactions during the amplification and/or sequencing step. Suitable apparatus is also provided.

The use of ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) to detect methylated nucleotides in a DNA sample is described. A method of detecting methylated nucleotides in a DNA sample may include the steps of treating a sample of DNA with a reagent which discriminates between methylated and non-methylated nucleotides to provide treated DNA, amplifying the treated DNA and optionally sequencing the amplified DNA. An ISFET is used to monitor the addition of one or more dNTPs in the strand extension reactions during the amplification and/or sequencing step. Suitable apparatus is also provided.

A DNA sequencing and blood chemistry analysis device is provided including one or more sensor chips and one or more sample wells, wherein each sample well is configured to form a seal with one of the sensors. The one or more sensor chips may comprise Graphene transistors, and each transistor having an associated sequencing probe. The sensor chips interact with a biological sample introduced into the sample well, wherein changes in the current, transconductance, and resistance of the Graphene transistors are indicative of a DNA binding process. Based on the associated sequencing probes, the DNA sequence present in a biological sample can be identified.

A DNA sequencing and blood chemistry analysis device is provided including one or more sensor chips and one or more sample wells, wherein each sample well is configured to form a seal with one of the sensors. The one or more sensor chips may comprise Graphene transistors, and each transistor having an associated sequencing probe. The sensor chips interact with a biological sample introduced into the sample well, wherein changes in the current, transconductance, and resistance of the Graphene transistors are indicative of a DNA binding process. Based on the associated sequencing probes, the DNA sequence present in a biological sample can be identified.

Described herein are nucleic acid molecules and complexes useful as i-switch pH reporters that have increased sensitivities as a pH reporter and have alternate pH reporting capacity ranges. Aspects of the disclosure relate to a method for determining pH comprising providing a nucleic acid complex comprising: a first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule comprising the sequence C.sub.nXC.sub.nYC.sub.nZC.sub.n (SEQ ID NO. 6) wherein C is cytosine; X, Y and Z are each one or more of adenine, thymine, guanine, or combinations thereof; and n is greater than or equal to 2; and wherein at least 2 cytosine residues of the first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule are modified; and a second single-stranded nucleic acid molecule that is partially or fully complementary to the first single-stranded molecule, wherein a first label is conjugated to the first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule or the second single-stranded nucleic acid molecule; and wherein the first label is capable of producing a signal, wherein the intensity of the signal varies as a function of the conformation of the nucleic acid complex; and measuring the intensity of the signal and determining the pH from the measured signal.

Described herein are nucleic acid molecules and complexes useful as i-switch pH reporters that have increased sensitivities as a pH reporter and have alternate pH reporting capacity ranges. Aspects of the disclosure relate to a method for determining pH comprising providing a nucleic acid complex comprising: a first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule comprising the sequence C.sub.nXC.sub.nYC.sub.nZC.sub.n (SEQ ID NO. 6) wherein C is cytosine; X, Y and Z are each one or more of adenine, thymine, guanine, or combinations thereof; and n is greater than or equal to 2; and wherein at least 2 cytosine residues of the first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule are modified; and a second single-stranded nucleic acid molecule that is partially or fully complementary to the first single-stranded molecule, wherein a first label is conjugated to the first single-stranded nucleic acid molecule or the second single-stranded nucleic acid molecule; and wherein the first label is capable of producing a signal, wherein the intensity of the signal varies as a function of the conformation of the nucleic acid complex; and measuring the intensity of the signal and determining the pH from the measured signal.