Provided herein is the use of measurements of cell-free DNA, protein, and/or metabolite found in biofluid (e.g., urine) for identifying and treating organ injury. Provided herein are methods and compositions for monitoring, detecting, quantifying, and treating kidney injury in subjects suffering from or suspected of having an altered renal status by measuring amounts of cfDNA and one or more other markers, such as inflammation markers, apoptosis markers, protein, and DNA methylation.

The present invention generally relates to detection of a target nucleic acid in standard PCR, real-time PCR, RT PCR, and real-time RT PCR. One aspect of the invention provides mutant DNA polymerase enzymes that are resistant to PCR inhibitors, such as dye, blood, and soil. Another aspect of the invention provides for methods of real-time PCR assays using mutant DNA polymerase enzymes resistant to PCR inhibitors with samples containing dye, blood, and/or soil. Another aspect of the invention provides for methods of standard PCR assays using mutant DNA polymerase enzymes resistant to PCR inhibitors with samples containing blood and/or soil.

The present invention generally relates to detection of a target nucleic acid in standard PCR, real-time PCR, RT PCR, and real-time RT PCR. One aspect of the invention provides mutant DNA polymerase enzymes that are resistant to PCR inhibitors, such as dye, blood, and soil. Another aspect of the invention provides for methods of real-time PCR assays using mutant DNA polymerase enzymes resistant to PCR inhibitors with samples containing dye, blood, and/or soil. Another aspect of the invention provides for methods of standard PCR assays using mutant DNA polymerase enzymes resistant to PCR inhibitors with samples containing blood and/or soil.

Devices and methods that can detect and control an individual polymer in a mixture is acted upon by another compound, for example, an enzyme, in a nanopore are provided. The devices and methods also determine (˜>50 Hz) the nucleotide base sequence of a polynucleotide under feedback control or using signals generated by the interactions between the polynucleotide and the nanopore. The invention is of particular use in the fields of molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, molecular switches, molecular circuits, and molecular computational devices, and the manufacture thereof.

Devices and methods that can detect and control an individual polymer in a mixture is acted upon by another compound, for example, an enzyme, in a nanopore are provided. The devices and methods also determine (˜>50 Hz) the nucleotide base sequence of a polynucleotide under feedback control or using signals generated by the interactions between the polynucleotide and the nanopore. The invention is of particular use in the fields of molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, molecular switches, molecular circuits, and molecular computational devices, and the manufacture thereof.

The disclosure relates, in some aspects, to compositions and methods for amplifying nucleic acids. In some embodiments, the disclosure describes solid compositions comprising a first enzyme (e.g., a reverse transcriptase) and a second enzyme (e.g., a polymerase), and optionally a third enzyme (e.g., a Uracil-DNA glycosylase), where each enzyme is under the control of a molecular switch. In some embodiments, solid compositions described by the disclosure allow for single-tube, temperature-controlled lysis, decontamination, and amplification of nucleic acid s (e.g., DNA or RNA) from a biological sample without the need to add additional reaction components or transfer the reaction mixture from one container to another.

The disclosure relates, in some aspects, to compositions and methods for amplifying nucleic acids. In some embodiments, the disclosure describes solid compositions comprising a first enzyme (e.g., a reverse transcriptase) and a second enzyme (e.g., a polymerase), and optionally a third enzyme (e.g., a Uracil-DNA glycosylase), where each enzyme is under the control of a molecular switch. In some embodiments, solid compositions described by the disclosure allow for single-tube, temperature-controlled lysis, decontamination, and amplification of nucleic acid s (e.g., DNA or RNA) from a biological sample without the need to add additional reaction components or transfer the reaction mixture from one container to another.

Provided herein is the use of measurements of cell-free DNA, protein, and/or metabolite found in biofluid (e.g., urine) for identifying and treating organ injury. Provided herein are methods and compositions for monitoring, detecting, quantifying, and treating kidney injury in subjects suffering from or suspected of having an altered renal status by measuring amounts of cfDNA and one or more other markers, such as inflammation markers, apoptosis markers, protein, and DNA methylation.

Provided herein is the use of measurements of cell-free DNA, protein, and/or metabolite found in biofluid (e.g., urine) for identifying and treating organ injury. Provided herein are methods and compositions for monitoring, detecting, quantifying, and treating kidney injury in subjects suffering from or suspected of having an altered renal status by measuring amounts of cfDNA and one or more other markers, such as inflammation markers, apoptosis markers, protein, and DNA methylation.

The invention relates to methods, compositions, devices, systems and kits are described including, without limitation, reagents and mixtures, for determining the identity of nucleic acids in nucleotide sequences using, for example, data obtained from sequencing by synthesis methods.