In the present invention, it has been confirmed that, when an RNA interference-inducing nucleic acid including at least one 8-oxoguanine (o.sup.8G) in 1st to 9th nucleotides from the 5′-end of at least one single strand of a double strand of a nucleic acid, and a modified nucleic acid that specifically binds to microRNA and in which at least one guanine (G) from among the 1st to 9th nucleotides from the 5′-end are modified with 8-oxoguanine (o.sup.8G), are produced and administered to cells or mice, various pathophysiological phenomena are induced.

In addition, the positions where G>T modifications occur have been identified in cDNA produced through the reverse transcription of microRNA in which guanine (G) is oxidatively modified with 8-oxoguanine (o.sup.8G) by oxidative stress in a seed region of microRNA, to confirm the positions where oxidative modification to 8-oxoguanine has occurred.

In the present invention, it has been confirmed that, when an RNA interference-inducing nucleic acid including at least one 8-oxoguanine (o.sup.8G) in 1st to 9th nucleotides from the 5′-end of at least one single strand of a double strand of a nucleic acid, and a modified nucleic acid that specifically binds to microRNA and in which at least one guanine (G) from among the 1st to 9th nucleotides from the 5′-end are modified with 8-oxoguanine (o.sup.8G), are produced and administered to cells or mice, various pathophysiological phenomena are induced.

In addition, the positions where G>T modifications occur have been identified in cDNA produced through the reverse transcription of microRNA in which guanine (G) is oxidatively modified with 8-oxoguanine (o.sup.8G) by oxidative stress in a seed region of microRNA, to confirm the positions where oxidative modification to 8-oxoguanine has occurred.

The present invention relates to methods for the joint analysis of regulation of gene expression and gene expression in single cells. Provided are methods for obtaining gene expression information for a single nucleus, the methods comprising deriving a DNA library from the genomic DNA in one or more nuclei and deriving an RNA library from the RNA in one or more nuclei, sequencing the molecules in the RNA library and the DNA library, and correlating the RNA library and the DNA library for each of the one or more nuclei.

The present invention relates to methods for the joint analysis of regulation of gene expression and gene expression in single cells. Provided are methods for obtaining gene expression information for a single nucleus, the methods comprising deriving a DNA library from the genomic DNA in one or more nuclei and deriving an RNA library from the RNA in one or more nuclei, sequencing the molecules in the RNA library and the DNA library, and correlating the RNA library and the DNA library for each of the one or more nuclei.

The scChIA-Drop method is a microfluidics-based dual-indexing strategy for single-cell and single-molecule chromatin interaction analysis.

The scChIA-Drop method is a microfluidics-based dual-indexing strategy for single-cell and single-molecule chromatin interaction analysis.

Provided herein are methods for preparing biological samples for spatial proteomic analysis, methods of determining a location of a protein analyte in a biological sample, and methods of determining a location of a protein analyte and a nucleic acid analyte in a biological sample.

Provided herein are methods for preparing biological samples for spatial proteomic analysis, methods of determining a location of a protein analyte in a biological sample, and methods of determining a location of a protein analyte and a nucleic acid analyte in a biological sample.

Methods and systems for single molecule sequencing using concatemers of copies of sense and antisense strands. Concatemers are provided, for example, by carrying out rolling circle amplification on a circular molecule having sense and antisense regions to produce repeated copies of the sense and antisense regions connected by linking regions. The circular molecules can be produced by ligating hairpin adapters to each end of a double-stranded nucleic acid having a sense and antisense strand. The ligations can be carried out, for example using blunt end ligation. In some cases, a single molecule consensus sequence for a single template molecule is obtained. A single read from each template molecule can be obtained by comparing the sequence information of the sense and antisense regions.

Methods and systems for single molecule sequencing using concatemers of copies of sense and antisense strands. Concatemers are provided, for example, by carrying out rolling circle amplification on a circular molecule having sense and antisense regions to produce repeated copies of the sense and antisense regions connected by linking regions. The circular molecules can be produced by ligating hairpin adapters to each end of a double-stranded nucleic acid having a sense and antisense strand. The ligations can be carried out, for example using blunt end ligation. In some cases, a single molecule consensus sequence for a single template molecule is obtained. A single read from each template molecule can be obtained by comparing the sequence information of the sense and antisense regions.