An example of an incorporation mix includes a liquid carrier, a complex, and a labeled nucleotide. The complex includes a polymerase and a plasmonic nanostructure linked to the polymerase. The labeled nucleotide includes a nucleotide, a 3′ OH blocking group attached to a sugar of the nucleotide, and a dye label attached to a base of the nucleotide.

An example of an incorporation mix includes a liquid carrier, a complex, and a labeled nucleotide. The complex includes a polymerase and a plasmonic nanostructure linked to the polymerase. The labeled nucleotide includes a nucleotide, a 3′ OH blocking group attached to a sugar of the nucleotide, and a dye label attached to a base of the nucleotide.

The disclosed embodiments relate to nanotechnology and to nano-electronics and molecular electronic sensors. In an exemplary embodiment, a nano-sensor having a nanoparticle complex attached at each end to a respective nano-electrode. An exemplary nanoparticle complex includes a biomolecule coupled at each end to a metallic nanoparticle to form a dumbbell-shaped molecular bridge. A method to manufacture single molecule dumbbell nanowires for forming conductive molecular bridges includes the steps of: providing a double-stranded nucleic acid with terminal 3′ thiol modification on both the strands conjugated to a gold (Au) nanoparticle (AuNP) on each end; purifying single biomolecule dumbbells from aggregates using size-exclusion chromatography; imaging the eluted products by electron microscopy to validate formation of single molecule dumbbells; trapping a single molecule dumbbell between a pair of nanoelectrodes on a substrate, the electrodes separated by a nanogap; and measuring the conductivity of a trapped single molecule dumbbell.

The disclosed embodiments relate to nanotechnology and to nano-electronics and molecular electronic sensors. In an exemplary embodiment, a nano-sensor having a nanoparticle complex attached at each end to a respective nano-electrode. An exemplary nanoparticle complex includes a biomolecule coupled at each end to a metallic nanoparticle to form a dumbbell-shaped molecular bridge. A method to manufacture single molecule dumbbell nanowires for forming conductive molecular bridges includes the steps of: providing a double-stranded nucleic acid with terminal 3′ thiol modification on both the strands conjugated to a gold (Au) nanoparticle (AuNP) on each end; purifying single biomolecule dumbbells from aggregates using size-exclusion chromatography; imaging the eluted products by electron microscopy to validate formation of single molecule dumbbells; trapping a single molecule dumbbell between a pair of nanoelectrodes on a substrate, the electrodes separated by a nanogap; and measuring the conductivity of a trapped single molecule dumbbell.

Described herein are methods and systems for performing chemical or enzymatic reactions using electrophoresis. Devices, systems, and methods for preparing a library of tagged nucleic acid fragments from a target double-stranded nucleic acid using electrophoresis are also provided. Application of one or more electric fields causes molecules to migrate through the electrophoresis gel matrix.

Described herein are methods and systems for performing chemical or enzymatic reactions using electrophoresis. Devices, systems, and methods for preparing a library of tagged nucleic acid fragments from a target double-stranded nucleic acid using electrophoresis are also provided. Application of one or more electric fields causes molecules to migrate through the electrophoresis gel matrix.

Provided are: an array, a kit, and/or a device which are for analyzing, identifying, detecting, and/or visualizing target particles, and/or determining the presence or absence of the target particles, and use a substrate having an uneven surface coated with a lipid bilayer; and a method using same.

Provided are: an array, a kit, and/or a device which are for analyzing, identifying, detecting, and/or visualizing target particles, and/or determining the presence or absence of the target particles, and use a substrate having an uneven surface coated with a lipid bilayer; and a method using same.

A method for separating a target allele from a mixture of nucleic acids by (a) providing a mixture of nucleic acids in fluidic contact with a stabilized ternary complex that is attached to a solid support, wherein the stabilized ternary complex includes a polymerase, primed nucleic acid template, and next correct nucleotide, wherein the template has a target allele, wherein the next correct nucleotide is a cognate nucleotide for the target allele, and wherein the stabilized ternary complex is attached to the solid support via a linkage between the polymerase and the solid support or via a linkage between the next correct nucleotide and the solid support; and (b) separating the solid support from the mixture of nucleic acids, thereby separating the target allele from the mixture of nucleic acids.

A method for separating a target allele from a mixture of nucleic acids by (a) providing a mixture of nucleic acids in fluidic contact with a stabilized ternary complex that is attached to a solid support, wherein the stabilized ternary complex includes a polymerase, primed nucleic acid template, and next correct nucleotide, wherein the template has a target allele, wherein the next correct nucleotide is a cognate nucleotide for the target allele, and wherein the stabilized ternary complex is attached to the solid support via a linkage between the polymerase and the solid support or via a linkage between the next correct nucleotide and the solid support; and (b) separating the solid support from the mixture of nucleic acids, thereby separating the target allele from the mixture of nucleic acids.