A method for seeding and amplifying target nucleic acids derived from a sample in a cluster at a site on a surface of a substrate includes retaining at least a portion of the target nucleic acids in an inactive form that cannot seed to provide a relatively low concentration of active form target nucleic acids available for seeding. As the active form target nucleic acids seed on the surface of the substrate, they may be amplified. Because the concentration of active form target nucleic acids is low, the likelihood is low that a second active form target nucleic acid will seed at the same site within the same cluster before the first active form target nucleic acid is sufficiently amplified to dominate. Accordingly, the likelihood that the cluster will pass filters is increased relative to traditional seeding and amplification methods employing a higher concentration of active form target nucleic acids.

The present invention relates to a method for predicting causative factors (bacteria) of serious bacterial infectious diseases in a clinical sample containing bacteria-derived nano-sized extracellular vesicles, that is, nanovesicles, through the analysis of the genes contained in the nanovesicles. According to the present invention, information on bacteria of serious bacterial infection can be provided, a causative factor of the bacterial infection can be predicted, and the resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics can be predicted.

The present invention relates to a method for predicting causative factors (bacteria) of serious bacterial infectious diseases in a clinical sample containing bacteria-derived nano-sized extracellular vesicles, that is, nanovesicles, through the analysis of the genes contained in the nanovesicles. According to the present invention, information on bacteria of serious bacterial infection can be provided, a causative factor of the bacterial infection can be predicted, and the resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics can be predicted.

Provided are vesicles derived from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and to uses thereof. It has been experimentally confirmed by the present inventors that the vesicles in the clinical samples of patients with gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and Parkinson's disease were significantly reduced in comparison with a normal person and that when vesicles isolated from the strain were administered, the secretion of inflammatory mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, was significantly inhibited. The vesicles derived from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii according to the subject matter are expected to be usefully employed for the purposes of developing a method for diagnosing gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and/or Parkinson's disease, and a composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating said diseases.

Provided are vesicles derived from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and to uses thereof. It has been experimentally confirmed by the present inventors that the vesicles in the clinical samples of patients with gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and Parkinson's disease were significantly reduced in comparison with a normal person and that when vesicles isolated from the strain were administered, the secretion of inflammatory mediators caused by pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, was significantly inhibited. The vesicles derived from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii according to the subject matter are expected to be usefully employed for the purposes of developing a method for diagnosing gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and/or Parkinson's disease, and a composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating said diseases.

A method of generating deformable gel beads that contain a single colloidal particle is described. Gel beads containing a particle are isolated from those that do not contain a particle, based on differences between the buoyant density of these gel bead populations. The gel beads containing a particle are subsequently co-encapsulated at a high efficiency into droplets that can comprise additional objects such as cells, other particles, or reagents. The gel coating on the rigid particle prevents clogging in narrow channels, such as those of a droplet generator.

A method of generating deformable gel beads that contain a single colloidal particle is described. Gel beads containing a particle are isolated from those that do not contain a particle, based on differences between the buoyant density of these gel bead populations. The gel beads containing a particle are subsequently co-encapsulated at a high efficiency into droplets that can comprise additional objects such as cells, other particles, or reagents. The gel coating on the rigid particle prevents clogging in narrow channels, such as those of a droplet generator.

The present invention generally pertains to methods and kits for managing the variation in spectroscopic intensity measurements through the use of a reference component. The reference component may comprise a reference spectroscopic substance and may be contained together with a sample of interest in a sample to be tested, wherein the sample of interest may comprise a sample spectroscopic substance. Each sample to be tested may be uniquely identified and, hence, “barcoded” by combinations of different colors and concentrations of spectroscopic substances, contained therein.

The present invention generally pertains to methods and kits for managing the variation in spectroscopic intensity measurements through the use of a reference component. The reference component may comprise a reference spectroscopic substance and may be contained together with a sample of interest in a sample to be tested, wherein the sample of interest may comprise a sample spectroscopic substance. Each sample to be tested may be uniquely identified and, hence, “barcoded” by combinations of different colors and concentrations of spectroscopic substances, contained therein.

The invention provides a series of steps that prepare nucleic acids (RNA and/or DNA) isolated from extracellular vesicles for sequencing. This enables a wide diversity of RNAs and/or DNAs, to be efficiently detected. These can then be used to identify various attributes such as gene expression, alternative splicing, and the detection of both somatic and germline mutations including single nucleotide variants (SNV) and structural variations (insertions/deletions, fusions, inversions).