The present invention provides compositions, kits, and method for determining the levels of expression of human polyoma or papillomavirus species and RNA transcripts. These levels can be used for the prognosis of risk of developing virally-induced cancers. The ratio (R) between early and late transcripts is indicative of HPV infections associated with higher risk of developing genital neoplasia and cancer.

Methods of determining risk of recurrence of a breast cancer of a subject are provided. Also provided are methods of predicting responsiveness to a therapy of a breast cancer of a subject. Additionally, methods of recommending treatment for a subject that has breast cancer are provided. Further provided are methods of treating a subject that has breast cancer. Systems for performing described methods are also provided.

The invention relates to allergic disease, to the development of allergic disease in infants, to determining the likelihood of development of allergic disease in infants and to minimizing the likelihood of development of allergic disease in infants.

The present disclosure includes assays that involve measurement of expression levels of prognostic biomarkers, or co-expressed biomarkers, from a biological sample obtained from a prostate cancer patient, and analysis of the measured expression levels to provide information concerning the likely prognosis for the patient, and likelihood that the patient will have a recurrence of prostate cancer, or to classify the tumor by likelihood of clinical outcome or TMPRSS2 fusion status.

The invention relates to the use of an iron-score based on the expression level of at least 1 gene, in particular at least 3, preferably at least 5, and even preferably 8 genes selected in the group consisting of APEX1, TFRC, HIF1A, ABCG2, SCARA3, IREB2, SFXN4 and SLC39A14 involved in the iron metabolism, as a prognosis marker in subjects having MCL, in particular for identifying subjects with a poor outcome such as a relapse and/or death.

Cancer patients make antibodies to tumor-derived proteins that are potential biomarkers for early detection. Twenty-eight antigens have been identified as potential biomarkers for the early detection of basal-like breast cancer (Tables 1, 2). Also, a 13-AAb classifier has been developed that differentiate patients with BLBC from healthy controls with 33% sensitivity at 98% specificity (Table 3).

A system and method for alerting a healthcare provider to ineffective prescribed medications is provided. A laboratory system receives test results with genetic markers for a patient, queries a database containing medications known to be ineffective in persons having particular genetic markers to determine whether any medications prescribed by, or likely to be prescribed by, a healthcare provider to the patient are known to be ineffective in persons having the same genetic markers as the patient, and transmits an alert containing such information to a healthcare provider system for the healthcare provider.

The present invention provides a binding moiety which selectively binds to Sox11 protein and/or mRNA for imaging, diagnosis or prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Optionally, the moiety is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. Advantageously, moiety comprises a further, readily detectable moiety. The invention also provides methods of imaging EOC cells as well as methods of diagnosing or prognosing EOC in an individual. A further aspect of the present invention provides a method of identifying cells associated with EOC, the method comprising analysing the pattern of gene expression in a sample of cells to be tested and comparing it to the pattern of gene expression in a sample of known lymphomas cells. Preferably, the cells to be tested are identified as EOC cells if the expression of Sox11 is up-regulated compared to normal B-cells. Preferably EOC cells are identified as improved recurrence-free survival-associated if expression of Sox11 is up-regulated compared with non-cancerous epithelial ovarian cells. Preferably, EOC cells are identified as diminished recurrence-free survival-associated if expression of Sox11 is similar to, or down-regulated, compared with non-cancerous epithelial ovarian cells.

There is provided a method of estimating a circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) burden/level in a subject, the method comprising: determining in a blood sample obtained from the subject, a level of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that maps to one or more nucleosome-depleted region (NDR); and estimating the ctDNA burden based on said level of cfDNA, wherein said NDR (i) comprises the NDR of a gene which transcript is differentially expressed between healthy blood tissue and tumour tissue and/or (ii) is degraded to different extents between healthy blood tissue and blood tissue of a tumour-bearing subject. Also provided are related kits and methods, in one embodiment, the one or more NDR comprises one or more NDR of SLC11A1, NLRP12, PRTN3, HMBS, LILRB3, ACSL1, GP9, MX2, RASGRP4, ATG18L2, SHKBP1, BCAR1, RAB25 and LSR.

The present invention relates to a method for providing information on the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The present invention also relates to a composition for preventing, ameliorating or treating Parkinson's disease. The present invention uses at least one miRNA whose expression is specifically down- or up-regulated in a Parkinson's disease model. Therefore, the use of the miRNA is effective in diagnosing and treating Parkinson's disease.