The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway. The microbial organism contains at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme in the respective 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway. The invention additionally provides a method for producing 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid. The method can include culturing a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam or hexametheylenediamine producing microbial organism, where the microbial organism expresses at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway enzyme in a sufficient amount to produce the respective product, under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid.

Provided are a recombinant microorganism having a 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA reductase activity and a production method of a C6 compound, and are a recombinant microorganism capable of producing adipic acid or an adipic acid derivative, and a production method of adipic acid or an adipic acid derivative.

A recombinant microorganism contains at least one of an exogenous gene encoding a protein having an enzymatic activity to reduce 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA for conversion into adipyl-CoA and an exogenous gene encoding a 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA dehydratase.

The application provides an enzyme immobilization carrier and a preparation method thereof, an immobilized enzyme and a preparation method thereof. The above enzyme immobilization carrier is obtained by an amino modification or a cyanuric chloride modification of super-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol. The use of the enzyme immobilization carrier provided by the application may effectively improve the stability and reusability of the immobilized enzyme. Moreover, due to the use of the form of enzyme covalent linkage, compared with an embedding method, the preparation method is no need for chemical reagent immersion and the like, it is beneficial to maintain the own activity of the enzyme, and promote the immobilized enzyme to have the better activity while the stability and reusability are kept.

Provided herein a re composition and process for using an electrochemica 1 device for the reduction of the oxidized state of phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to the reduced state in which unwanted products of the electrochemical reduction are recovered as the oxidized state of the phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and returned to the electrochemical device for reduction.

Provided are non-naturally occurring polynucleotide sequences that encode for polypeptides useful in ergoline biosynthesis, as well as the non-naturally occurring polypeptide sequences. Also provided are recombinant host cell and methods for microbial biosynthesis of an ergoline, or a precursor or metabolite thereof, using the recombinant host cell.

The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway. The microbial organism contains at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme in the respective 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway. The invention additionally provides a method for producing 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid. The method can include culturing a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam or hexametheylenediamine producing microbial organism, where the microbial organism expresses at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid pathway enzyme in a sufficient amount to produce the respective product, under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce 6-aminocaproic acid, caprolactam, hexametheylenediamine or levulinic acid.

Metabolically engineered microorganism strains are disclosed, such as bacterial strains, in which there is an increased utilization of malonyl-CoA for production of a chemical product. Such chemical products include polyketides, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and various other chemical products described herein. Methods of production also may be applied to further downstream products, such as consumer products. In various embodiments, modifications to a microorganism and/or culture system divert, at least transiently, usage of malonyl-coA from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and thereby provides for usage of the malonyl-coA for a chemical product other than a fatty acid. In various embodiments, the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway is modulated to produce specific fatty acids or combinations of fatty acids.

Metabolically engineered microorganism strains are disclosed, such as bacterial strains, in which there is an increased utilization of malonyl-CoA for production of a chemical product. Such chemical products include polyketides, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and various other chemical products described herein. Methods of production also may be applied to further downstream products, such as consumer products. In various embodiments, modifications to a microorganism and/or culture system divert, at least transiently, usage of malonyl-coA from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and thereby provides for usage of the malonyl-coA for a chemical product other than a fatty acid. In various embodiments, the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway is modulated to produce specific fatty acids or combinations of fatty acids.

The present invention is directed to isolated nucleic acid molecules and polypeptides of thraustochytrid polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthases involved in the production of PUFAs, including PUFAs enriched in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or a combination thereof. The present invention is directed to vectors and host cells comprising the nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides encoded by the nucleic acid molecules, compositions comprising the nucleic acid molecules or polypeptides, and methods of making and uses thereof.

The present invention is directed to isolated nucleic acid molecules and polypeptides of thraustochytrid polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthases involved in the production of PUFAs, including PUFAs enriched in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or a combination thereof. The present invention is directed to vectors and host cells comprising the nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides encoded by the nucleic acid molecules, compositions comprising the nucleic acid molecules or polypeptides, and methods of making and uses thereof.