Provided herein are host cells capable of producing hybrid oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, wherein said hybrid oligosaccharides and polysaccharides do not comprise a hexose at the reducing end of their first repeat unit. Also provided herein are hybrid oligosaccharides or polysaccharides and bioconjugates which can be produced by the host cells described herein, wherein said bioconjugates comprise a carrier protein linked to a hybrid oligosaccharide or polysaccharide that does not comprise a hexose at the reducing end of its first repeat unit.

The present invention relates to a process for the modification of a glycoprotein, using a β-(1,4)-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase or a mutant thereof. The process comprises the step of contacting a glycoprotein comprising a glycan comprising a terminal GlcNAc-moiety, in the presence of a β-(1,4)-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase or a mutant thereof, with anon-natural sugar-derivative nucleotide. The non-natural sugar-derivative nucleotideis according to formula (3), wherein A is selected from the group consisting of —N.sub.3; —C(0)R.sup.3; —C═C—R.sup.4; —SH; —SC(0)R.sup.8; —SC(V)OR.sup.8, wherein V is O or S; —X wherein X is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I; —OS(0).sub.2R.sup.5; an optionally substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.24 alkyl group; an optionally substituted terminal C.sub.2-C.sub.24 alkenyl group; and an optionally substituted terminal C.sub.3-C.sub.24 alkenyl group.

Disclosed are steviol glycosides referred to as rebaudioside V and rebaudioside W. Also disclosed are methods for producing rebaudioside M (Reb M), rebausoside G (Reb G), rebaudioside KA (Reb KA), rebaudioside V (Reb V) and rebaudioside (Reb W).

Disclosed are methods, systems, components, and compositions for cell-free synthesis of glycosylated proteins, which may be utilized in vaccines, including anti- bacterial vaccines. The glycosylated proteins may include a bacterial polysaccharide conjugated to a carrier, which may be utilized to generate an immune response in an immunized host against the polysaccharide conjugated to the carrier. Suitable carriers may include but are not limited to Haemophilus influenzae protein D (PD), Neisseria meningitidis porin protein (PorA), Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin (CRM 197), Clostridium tetani toxin (TT), and Escherichia coli maltose binding protein, and variants thereof.

The present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism which is modified to be capable of producing diosmin and hesperidin and to the use thereof for producing diosmin and/or hesperidin.

Disclosed are components, systems, and methods for glycoprotein or recombinant glycoprotein protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo. In particular, the present invention relates to components, systems, and methods for identifying amino acid glycosylation tag motifs for N-glycosyltransferases and the use of the identified amino acid glycosylation tag motifs in methods for preparing glycoproteins and recombinant glycoproteins in vitro and in vivo.

Polynucleotides encoding corresponding polypeptides capable of glycosylating steviol at its C-19 position to produce a steviol glycoside, an expression vector including such a polynucleotide, a method for producing a steviol glycoside by culturing a recombinant host cell containing such an expression vector under conditions in which the cell expresses the UDP-glycosyltransferase from the polynucleotide, and a method for producing a steviol glycoside by contacting a composition including steviol with a recombinant UDP-glycosyltransferase. The steviol glycoside can be steviol-19-O-glycoside. The recombinant host cell containing such an expression vector can be a bacterial cell, a plant cell, or a fungal cell, an animal cell, or a multicellular organism such as a plant.

The present invention relates to plants having resistance to PPO inhibiting herbicides such as the herbicide oxyfluorfen conferred by a loss of function of one or more sulfolipid biosynthesis enzymes involved in the sulfolipid biosynthesis pathway and methods of producing said plants. The invention also relates to methods of producing a plant having resistance to PPO inhibiting herbicides, including but not limited to the herbicide oxyfluorfen, by modulating the expression of one or more sulfolipid biosynthesis genes and/or function of one or more sulfolipid biosynthesis enzymes involved in the sulfolipid biosynthesis pathway, and to plants produced by the methods.

Polynucleotides encoding corresponding polypeptides capable of glycosylating steviol at its C-19 position to produce a steviol glycoside, an expression vector including such a polynucleotide, a method for producing a steviol glycoside by culturing a recombinant host cell containing such an expression vector under conditions in which the cell expresses the UDP-glycosyltransferase from the polynucleotide, and a method for producing a steviol glycoside by contacting a composition including steviol with a recombinant UDP-glycosyltransferase. The steviol glycoside can be steviol-19-O-glycoside. The recombinant host cell containing such an expression vector can be a bacterial cell, a plant cell, or a fungal cell, an animal cell, or a multicellular organism such as a plant.

The present disclosure relates to a method for constructing a trehalose polyenzyme complex in vitro by mediation of an artificial scaffold protein, which mainly comprises the following steps: constructing a recombinant bacterium WB800n-ScafCCR for self-assembled scaffold protein module; constructing a recombinant bacterium WB800n-P43-phoD-treY-Ccdoc for self-assembled catalytic module; constructing a recombinant bacterium WB800n-P43-phoD-treZ-Ctdoc for self-assembled catalytic module; constructing a recombinant bacterium WB800n-P43-phoD-cgt-Rfdoc for self-assembled catalytic module; secretorily expressing the recombinant bacteria and self-assembling in vitro to obtain a recombinant trehalose multi-enzyme complex. The trehalose multi-enzyme complex constructed by the method of the present disclosure has a higher catalytic efficiency in preparing trehalose than that of mixed free enzymes, and the method can be used for production of high quality trehalose after immobilization with cellulose microspheres.