Described herein is a previously unknown function of XBP1 in controlling anti-tumor immunity. It is shown that inhibiting XBP1 in tumor-associated dendritic cells inhibits tumor growth and induces protective anti-tumor immune responses.

Described herein is a previously unknown function of XBP1 in controlling anti-tumor immunity. It is shown that inhibiting XBP1 in tumor-associated dendritic cells inhibits tumor growth and induces protective anti-tumor immune responses.

Phototropin is a blue light receptor, which mediates a variety of blue-light elicited physiological processes in plants and algae. In higher plants these processes include phototropism, chloroplast movement and stomatal opening. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, phototropin plays a vital role in progression of the sexual life cycle and in the control of the eye spot size and light sensitivity Phototropin is also involved in blue-light mediated changes in the synthesis of chlorophylls, carotenoids, chlorophyll binding proteins. We compared the transcriptome of phototropin knock out (PHOT KO) mutant and wild-type parent to analyze differences in gene expression in high light grown cultures (500 mol photons m.sup.2 s.sup.1). Our results indicate the up-regulation of genes involved in photosynthetic electron transport chain, carbon fixation pathway, starch, lipid, and cell cycle control genes. With respect to photosynthetic electron transport genes, genes encoding proteins of the cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase complex were up regulated potentially facilitating proton-coupled electron transfer. In addition genes involved in limiting steps in the Calvin cycle Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), Sidoheptulose 1,7 bisphosphatase (SBPase), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (3PGDH) and that mediate cell-cycle control (CDK) were also up regulated along with starch synthase and fatty acid biosynthesis genes involved in starch and lipid synthesis. In addition, transmission electron micrographs show increased accumulation of starch granules in PHOT mutant compared to wild type, which is consistent with the higher expression of starch synthase genes. Collectively, the altered patterns of gene expression in the PHOT mutants were associated with a two-fold increase in growth and biomass accumulation compared to wild type when grown in environmental photobioreactors (Phenometrics) that simulate a pond environment. In conclusion, our studies suggest that phototropin may be a master gene regulator that suppresses rapid cell growth and promotes gametogenesis and sexual recombination in wild type strains.

Provided herein are methods, compounds, and compositions for reducing expression of a DMPK mRNA and protein in an animal. Also provided herein are methods, compounds, and compositions for preferentially reducing CUGexp DMPK RNA, reducing myotonia or reducing spliceopathy in an animal. Such methods, compounds, and compositions are useful to treat, prevent, delay, or ameliorate type 1 myotonic dystrophy, or a symptom thereof.

Provided herein are methods, compounds, and compositions for reducing expression of a a nrRNA in an animal. Also provided herein are methods, compounds, and compositions for treating, ameliorating, delaying or reducing a symptom of a disease or disorder associated with a nuclear-retained RNA in an animal. Such methods, compounds, and compositions are useful to treat, prevent, delay, or ameliorate a disease or condition associated with a nuclear-retained RNA, or a symptom thereof.

Described herein is a previously unknown function of XBP1 in controlling anti-tumor immunity. It is shown that inhibiting XBP1 in tumor-associated dendritic cells inhibits tumor growth and induces protective anti-tumor immune responses.

Provided herein are oligomeric compounds comprising a bicycle ligand and a modified oligonucleotide. This compound may comprise a bicycle ligand as the cell-targeting moiety, and may also comprise a conjugate linker to connect the bicycle ligand and modified oligonucleotide. This compound may be used in conjunction with a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

The present relates to methods for producing blackleg resistant plants as well as to methods for the identification of blackleg resistant plants. Further provided are blackleg resistant plants as well as kits for assessing blackleg resistance in a plant.

Methods of alleviating the symptoms of hemoglobinopathies, including, but not limited to, sickle cell disease, -thalassemia, and hemoglobin H disease are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise administering an inhibitor selected from a -arrestin1/2 inhibitor and/or a GRK2 inhibitor to the subject. Methods of inhibiting adhesion of sickle red blood cells to endothelial cells and adhesion to and activation of leukocytes are also provided.

An isolated peptide being no longer than 20 amino acids comprising a sequence at least 95% homologous to the sequence GQLNHILGILGX.sub.1PX.sub.2QED (SEQ ID NO: 4), wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are any amino acid, the peptide being capable of preventing extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK) translocation into the nucleus.