Provided herein are methods, compositions, and non-naturally occurring microbial organism for preparing compounds such as 1-butanol, butyric acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1-pentanol, pentanoic acid, glutaric acid, 1,5-pentanediol, 1-hexanol, hexanoic acid, adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid, -Caprolactone, 6-amino-hexanoic acid, -Caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine, linear fatty acids and linear fatty alcohols that are between 7-25 carbons long, linear alkanes and linear -alkenes that are between 6-24 carbons long, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid comprising: a) converting a C.sub.N aldehyde and pyruvate to a C.sub.N+3 -hydroxyketone intermediate through an aldol addition; and b) converting the C.sub.N+3 -hydroxyketone intermediate to the compounds through enzymatic steps, or a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps.

A feed additive composition comprising a direct fed microbial in combination with a protease, a xylanase, an amylase and a phytase, and a method for improving the performance of a subject or for improving digestibility of a raw material in a feed (e.g. nutrient digestibility, such as amino acid digestibility), or for improving nitrogen retention, or for avoiding the negative effects of necrotic enteritis or for improving feed conversion ratio (FCR) or for improving weight gain in a subject or for improving feed efficiency in a subject or for modulating (e.g. improving) the immune response of the subject or for promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of a subject, which method comprising administering to a subject a direct fed microbial in combination with a protease, a xylanase, an amylase and a phytase.

The present disclosure concerns recombinant yeast host cells expressing cell-associated heterologous food and/or feed enzymes which are expressed during the propagation phase of the recombinant yeast hosts cells. The recombinant yeast host cells can be used in a subsequent production process to make food and/or feed products, for example, baked products.

A bacterium that constitutively produces monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA) and a method of producing MLA by using the bacterium may simply produce MLA and a derivative thereof without acid hydrolysis, reduce a probability of natural mutation, and increase yields of MLA and a derivative thereof by constitutive expression of the MLA and derivative thereof.

The invention provides a genetically modified bacterium for production of thiamine; where the bacterium is characterized by a transgene encoding a thiamine monophosphate phosphatase (TMP phosphatase having EC 3.1.3.-) as well as transgenes encoding polypeptides that catalyze steps in the thiamine pathway. The genetically modified bacterium is characterized by enhanced synthesis and release of thiamine into the extracellular environment. The invention further provides a method for producing thiamine using the genetically modified bacterium of the invention; as well as the use of the genetically modified bacterium for extracellular thiamine production.

Provided are a method for preparing an immobilized multi-enzyme system, and a method for producing tagatose by the immobilized multi-enzyme system. The immobilized multi-enzyme system is formed by uniformly mixing a porous dopamine microsphere with a multi-enzyme mixture which is used for producing tagatose. Five enzymes in an enzymatic catalysis path for converting starch to tagatose are co-immobilized by means of a porous microsphere to obtain an immobilized multi-enzyme system, the immobilized multi-enzyme system is used to catalyze conversion of starch into tagatose, and thus, enzymes can be recycled, thereby greatly reducing the amount of enzymes required for preparation of tagatose, and reducing the production cost.

Described are compositions and methods relate to stable, high-payload, non-porous enzyme-containing coated granules with improved resistance to activity loss during steam pelleting.

A process for producing a protein isolate from an oilseed meal, and the isolate thus obtained, said isolate comprising proteins and an amount of 4 wt % or less of phytic acid, said amount of phytic acid being by weight of proteins in said isolate. The process may comprise the following steps: a) providing an oilseed meal; b) mixing the oilseed meal with a first aqueous solvent to form a slurry at a pH ranging from 6 to 7.8, said slurry having a solid phase; c) separating said solid phase from said slurry, d) mixing said separated solid phase with a second aqueous solvent at a pH ranging from 1 to 3.5, preferably from 2 to 3, to form a mixture said mixture having a liquid phase; e) separating said liquid phase from said mixture formed in step d); f) f1) mixing the separated liquid phase to a phytase at a temperature and a pH suitable for phytase activity to obtain a mixture having a liquid phase and a solid phase; and/or f2) mixing the separated liquid to a salt, to obtain a resulting liquid composition having a molar concentration of said salt ranging from 0.05 M to 0.5 M, at a temperature ranging from 40 C. to 70 C., to obtain a mixture having a liquid phase and a solid phase; g) precipitating a solid phase from the liquid of step f) for example by a cooling down step of the mixture to a temperature of 30 C. or less; h) separating said solid precipitate from the liquid of step g) said liquid comprising a water-rich liquid phase and an oil-rich liquid phase; i) separating said water-rich liquid phase from said oil-rich liquid phase, j) subjecting said water-rich liquid phase obtained in step i) to one or several membrane filtration(s) to obtain a protein isolate; and k) optionally, drying said protein isolate to obtain a dry protein isolate.

The present disclosure provides a modified AAV capsid protein comprising a targeting peptide, optionally further comprising a liver-toggle mutation. The modified AAV capsid protein can form an rAAV, which has a preferred tropism, specificity or biodistribution in vivo or in vitro. The rAAV of the present disclosure can be used for gene therapies targeted at a specific tissue. The present disclosure also provides rAAV compositions comprising MTM1 coding sequences and their use to treat subjects suffering from X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM).

The present application discloses method of treating spinal cord injury, or a condition associated with or caused by spinal cord injury comprising regenerating nerve or attenuating degeneration of nerve at a site of nerve injury comprising administering at or an area near an injured nerve, a nerve regenerating or nerve degeneration attenuating amount of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) lipid phosphatase inhibiting peptide.