The present invention relates to compositions and methods for providing RNA interference (RNAi) vectors comprising trigalactosyldiacylglycerol (tgd) biosynthesis enzyme constructs for increasing oil content of plants. Further, the use of tgd RNAi silencing vectors in combination with co-expression of heterologous oil regulating transcription factors, such as WRINKLED1, are contemplated to overcome the reduced growth and variable levels of embryonic lethality in plants with reduced TGD protein. Additionally, plants having reduced APS1, a gene encoding a major catalytic isoform of the small subunit of AGPase (AGP() plants), co-expressing a heterologous oil modulating transcription factor are contemplated for use in combination with plants having reduced TGD. Oil harvested from vegetative tissues of plants comprising vectors and genes of the present invention is contemplated for use in biofuel and biodiesel products.

Provided are a transgenic non-human mammal expressing a fusion protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises an subunit of an ATP synthase and two distinct fluorescent proteins as a donor and an acceptor for FRET, one of the fluorescent proteins being placed at an amino terminal moiety of the subunit and the other being placed at a carboxyl terminal moiety of the subunit, and a method of screening for an agent for preventing or treating diseases in a mammal in need thereof, comprising using an above transgenic non-human mammal.

Provided herein are genetically modified yeast cells capable of producing one or more human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and methods of making such cells. The yeast cells are engineered to comprise a heterologous nucleic acid encoding a transporter protein and one or more heterologous nucleic acids that encode enzymes of a HMO biosynthetic pathway. Also provided are fermentation compositions including the disclosed genetically modified yeast cells, and related methods of producing and recovering HMOs generated by the yeast cells.

Provided herein are genetically modified yeast cells capable of producing one or more human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and methods of making such cells. The yeast cells are engineered to comprise a heterologous nucleic acid encoding a transporter protein and one or more heterologous nucleic acids that encode enzymes of a HMO biosynthetic pathway. Also provided are fermentation compositions including the disclosed genetically modified yeast cells, and related methods of producing and recovering HMOs generated by the yeast cells.