The present document describes a system and a process for the extraction of several products from apple peel. There are several unit operations involved including an ultrafiltration unit, concentration unit, and a three stage counter current separator centrifuge wherein water is used as the solvent. The final products that are extracted from apple peel include pectin, syrup, fibers, as well as soluble and dried retentate fractions.

Processes for converting lignocellulose to feedstock and downstream products are disclosed. The processes may include acid treatment of lignocellulose to produce a fermentation feedstock. In various instances, the processes include recovery or recycling of acid, such as recovery of hydrochloric acid from concentrated and/or dilute streams. Downstream products may include acrylic acid-based products such as diapers, paper and paper-based products, ethanol, biofuels such as biodiesel and fuel additives, and detergents.

Compositions comprising C5 and C6 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.

The present invention describes a process for a controlled conversion of a biomass feedstock, wherein the process comprises the steps of: loading the biomass feedstock to at least one reactor; liquefaction of the biomass feedstock into a monomer and/or oligomer sugar mixture in said reactor by treatment in hot compressed liquid water (HCW) at sub- and/or super-critical condition; and removal of the monomer and/or oligomer sugar mixture, being the product molecules, to avoid continued detrimental decomposition.

Provided are methods and compositions using activated carbon for optimizing purification and clarification of sugar streams produced from cellulosic or lignocellulosic biomass. Also provided are methods and compositions for decreasing one or more undesirable products during pretreatment.

The present document describes a system and a process for the extraction of several products from apple peel. There are several unit operations involved including an ultrafiltration unit, concentration unit, and a three stage counter current separator centrifuge wherein water is used as the solvent. The final products that are extracted from apple peel include pectin, syrup, fibers, as well as soluble and dried retentate fractions.

A method of liquefying biomass. The method includes the steps of contacting biomass with a solution comprising an acyl halide and an acid; and then contacting the biomass with a reductant.

The present invention provides the use of neuregulin protein for the preparation of medication for preventing, treating or delaying heart failure in humans and methods for preventing, treating or delaying heart failure in humans using said medication.

The invention relates to a process for the liquid-phase separation of xylose from a mixture of C5 and C6 sugars comprising at least xylose and glucose, by adsorption of xylose on a zeolitic adsorbent based on FAU-type zeolite crystals having an Si/Al atomic ratio of less than or equal to 1.5 comprising barium, wherein: said mixture is brought into contact with said adsorbent, by liquid chromatography, to obtain a glucose-enriched liquid phase and a xylose-enriched adsorbed phase; on the one hand, said glucose-enriched liquid phase is recovered and said phase adsorbed on said adsorbent is desorbed by means of a desorption solvent in order to recover the xylose on the other hand.

Processes are described herein for realizing an enhanced yield of ethanol and co-products from processes for producing ethanol from biomass containing lignocellulosic material. Also described herein are product outputs of these processes having new and useful properties and systems implementing the processes.