In a process of reducing iron ore powder by fluidized bed reduction furnaces and a smelting reduction furnace, CO.sub.2 emissions are significantly reduced and stable operation is possible regardless of fluctuations in various conditions. A method of reducing iron ore powder, the method including: a fluidized bed reduction process of fluidizing and reducing iron ore powder in a fluidized bed reduction furnace using a first reducing gas to produce partially reduced iron; and a smelting reduction process of reducing the partially reduced iron in a smelting reduction furnace using a second reducing gas. Fluidized bed reduction furnace top gas discharged from the top of the fluidized bed reduction furnace is used for synthesis of methane and reforming of methane-containing gas.

Methods and systems for the valorization of carbon monoxide emissions from metallurgical furnaces into highly valuable low-carbon footprint chemicals using carbon monoxide electrolysis are disclosed herein are disclosed. A disclosed method includes operating a metallurgical furnace; obtaining, in connection with the operation of the metallurgical furnace, a volume of carbon monoxide; supplying the volume of carbon monoxide to a cathode area of a carbon monoxide electrolyzer to be used as a reduction substrate; and generating, using the carbon monoxide electrolyzer, the reduction substrate, and an oxidation substrate, a volume of generated chemicals. The volume of generated chemicals is at least one of: a volume of hydrocarbons, a volume of organic acids, a volume of alcohol, a volume of olefins and a volume of N-rich organic compounds.

The disclosure discloses a method of operating an electric arc furnace, the method comprising capturing, from at least one facility of a steel mill, a heated metallurgical gas comprising water and carbon monoxide; conducting, by a reactor supply line, said metallurgical gas to a reactor; transforming, by a treatment of said metallurgical gas within said reactor, the carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide according to a water-gas shift reaction; and subsequently separating said hydrogen by a separation device. The method is characterized in that it further comprises providing an iron-bearing material, which comprises iron mainly in the form of iron oxide, to the electric arc furnace; at least partially melting the iron-bearing material to obtain a molten bath; conducting, by a furnace supply line, said hydrogen to the electric arc furnace, which is arranged downstream of the furnace supply line; and injecting, by a plurality of hydrogen injection devices, said hydrogen into said electric arc furnace, such that said hydrogen reacts as a reducing agent for reducing iron oxide in the molten bath during a smelting operation of the electric arc furnace.