This method is for producing granular metallic iron in which the relation between the mass ratio (mass %) of the volatile matter content contained in a carbonaceous reducing agent and the average gas flow rate (m/s) of the ambient gas in a heating furnace fulfills expression (1). Mass ratio of volatile matter content4.62average gas flow rate+46.7 . . . (1)

A method for ironmaking by smelting reduction in a stir-generated vortex includes: (1) placing a pig iron in an induction furnace, and then heating the pig iron to a molten state to form a molten iron, and maintaining the molten iron to be greater than or equal to 1450 C.; (2) stirring a center of the molten iron to form a vortex with a height-to-diameter ratio of 0.5-2.5, and continuously performing stirring; (3) mixing and grinding on an iron-containing mineral, a reducing agent and a slag-forming agent in a mass ratio of 1:(0.1-0.15):(0.25-0.4) to obtain a powder mixture, spraying and blowing the powder mixture to a center of the vortex, performing a reduction reaction, and stopping the stirring after the molten iron and molten slags are obtained, wherein a waste gas is produced; and (4) discharging the molten iron and the molten slags respectively, and exhausting a treated waste gas.

A process for forming granulated slag includes collecting a molten slag flow directly from a blast furnace in a temperature range between 2500 F. and 2600 F., quenching the molten slag flow with a flowing spray of water while the molten slag flow is still in the temperature range between 2500 F. and 2600 F. to create a granulated slag flow such that ferrous materials and non-ferrous metallic materials solidify joined together in the granulated slag flow, drying the granulated slag flow, magnetically separating the solidified joined ferrous materials and non-ferrous metallic materials from the granulated slag with a magnet device, and size-screening the granulated slag flow.

The disclosure discloses a method of operating an electric arc furnace, the method comprising capturing, from at least one facility of a steel mill, a heated metallurgical gas comprising water and carbon monoxide; conducting, by a reactor supply line, said metallurgical gas to a reactor; transforming, by a treatment of said metallurgical gas within said reactor, the carbon monoxide and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide according to a water-gas shift reaction; and subsequently separating said hydrogen by a separation device. The method is characterized in that it further comprises providing an iron-bearing material, which comprises iron mainly in the form of iron oxide, to the electric arc furnace; at least partially melting the iron-bearing material to obtain a molten bath; conducting, by a furnace supply line, said hydrogen to the electric arc furnace, which is arranged downstream of the furnace supply line; and injecting, by a plurality of hydrogen injection devices, said hydrogen into said electric arc furnace, such that said hydrogen reacts as a reducing agent for reducing iron oxide in the molten bath during a smelting operation of the electric arc furnace.

A pyrometallurgical process for recycling shredded spent electric vehicle batteries of Li-ion type and/or waste from the production of these new batteries and battery rejects, and/or portable batteries of Li-ion type. The process entails the addition of iron, smelting via the supply of energy, separation of a slag, oxidizing treatment and separation of a second slag.

The present invention provides a method of simultaneously recycling plastics and detoxifying chromite ore processing residue with residual heat from a steel slag. By heating and gasifying plastics with steel slag, followed by catalytically split-decomposing the plastics with catalysts such as chromite ore processing residue, the plastics are thoroughly converted into a energy gas under water vapor gasification. The surface coking of Chromite Ore Processing Residue is avoided. Meanwhile, the energy gas reduces Cr.sup.6+ in Chromite Ore Processing Residue into Cr.sup.3+, and the energy gas is cooled, and CO.sub.2 and Cl in the energy gas are adsorbed by alkaline substances in Chromite Ore Processing Residue. With this method, chromite ore processing residue is detoxified, and steel slag is cooled, furthermore, energy is saved and a energy gas is obtained.

In various aspects, systems and methods are provided for operating molten carbonate fuel cells with processes for iron and/or steel production. The systems and methods can provide process improvements such as increased efficiency, reduction of carbon emissions per ton of product produced, or simplified capture of the carbon emissions as an integrated part of the system. The number of separate processes and the complexity of the overall production system can be reduced while providing flexibility in fuel feed stock and the various chemical, heat, and electrical outputs needed to power the processes.

Solar energy is concentrated and transferred to a heat transfer fluid, thereby heating the heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid includes solid particles. Heat from the heat transfer fluid is used to melt a metal. While transferring heat to the furnace, at least a portion of the melted metal is oxidized to form steel. Heat is transferred from a first portion of the heat transfer fluid to a working fluid. The working fluid is then flowed through a turbine generator, which generates electrical power in response. A first water stream is electrolyzed using the electrical power generated by the turbine generator to produce a first oxygen stream and a first hydrogen stream. Heat is transferred from a second portion of the heat transfer fluid to a reactor that houses a recycling agent to thermochemically split a second water stream into a second oxygen stream and a second hydrogen stream.

A device for manufacturing molten iron is provided. The device for manufacturing the molten iron includes a multi-stage fluidized reduction furnace for reducing a powdered iron ore including hematite and limonite, a melting gas furnace connected to the fluidized reduction furnace through an ore conduit and a gas conduit, a fluidized bed oxidation furnace for oxidizing magnetite to be converted into hematite through steam provided from the fluidized reduction furnace, and a hydrogen processing unit for processing hydrogen generated by the oxidation reaction of magnetite in the fluidized bed oxidation furnace.

A direct steelmaking device for iron containing powder in a reducing atmosphere and a method for its use are provided. The device comprises a steelmaking pool, a gas making tower, a fast reduction area, an ore feeding area, and a control system. The steelmaking pool arranged at the bottom comprises a slag flux pile, the bottom of the steelmaking pool is provided with a molten steel layer, and a liquid slag layer is provided on the molten steel layer. The fast reduction area is provided above the steelmaking pool. A gas making tower is provided on one side of a lower part of the fast reduction area, and the ore feeding area is provided above the fast reduction area.