The present disclosure provides a method of making non-grain oriented (NGO) electrical steel. The method includes tapping the liquid steel out of a primary steelmaking furnace. Deoxidizing the liquid steel before or after transferring the deoxidized liquid steel to a ladle metallurgy furnace. Removing sulfur at the ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF). Adding fluxes and deoxidizer to the ladle slag and/or skimming off ladle slag to prevent sulfur reversion. Transferring the liquid steel from the ladle metallurgy furnace to an RH degasser for carbon removal by blowing oxygen. Adding fluxes at the RH before oxygen blowing to fortify the bottom layer of the ladle slag to prevent sulfur reversion. The removal of oxygen and sulfur prior to transferring the liquid steel to the RH degasser facilitates nitrogen removal and prevents carbon pick up during the step of adding fluxes and arcing for sulfur removal if sulfur removal is carried out at the LMF after carbon removal at the RH degasser in the conventional process. Oxygen blowing at the RH also lowered the titanium pickup from the earlier desulfurization process. The ultra low levels of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and titanium in the NGO steel made using this method enabled the excellent magnetic properties achieved in the finishing NGO products.

A burner comprises a primary nozzle for injecting an oxygen-rich gas. The primary nozzle is designed as a supersonic nozzle. A coaxial nozzle having an annular outlet opening is provided for injecting a fuel gas. The coaxial nozzle is designed as a subsonic nozzle and is coaxial to the primary nozzle. The primary nozzle has a convergent portion and a divergent portion, which adjoin each other at a radius of the narrowest cross-section. The annular outlet opening is located at an end face of the burner. The fuel gas, in the form of hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon-containing gas, is injected at a fixed inlet pressure and a fixed inlet volumetric flow rate, with respect to a planned thermal power of the burner. In contrast, the inlet pressure and the inlet volumetric flow rate of the oxygen-rich gas are varied according to the application.

A corrosion resistant alloy, a method for making the corrosion resistant alloy, and a method for using the corrosion resistant alloy are provided. The corrosion resistant alloy includes 13-15 wt. % chromium, 5-7 wt. % nickel, and 2.5-4.5 wt. % molybdenum.

A hydrocarbon feed stream is exposed to heat in an absence of oxygen to the convert the hydrocarbon feed stream into a solids stream and a gas stream. The gas stream is separated into an exhaust gas stream and a first hydrogen stream. The carbon is separated from the solids stream to produce a carbon stream. Electrolysis is performed on a water stream to produce an oxygen stream and a second hydrogen stream. An iron ore is reduced by flowing hydrogen across the iron ore to produce iron. The iron and a first portion of the carbon of the carbon stream are combined to produce steel. At least a portion of the oxygen of the oxygen stream and a second portion of the carbon of the carbon stream are combined to generate power and a carbon dioxide stream.

A hydrocarbon feed stream is exposed to heat in an absence of oxygen to the convert the hydrocarbon feed stream into a solids stream and a gas stream. The gas stream is separated into an exhaust gas stream and a first hydrogen stream. The carbon is separated from the solids stream to produce a carbon stream. Electrolysis is performed on a water stream to produce an oxygen stream and a second hydrogen stream. An iron ore is reduced by flowing hydrogen across the iron ore to produce iron. The iron and a first portion of the carbon of the carbon stream are combined to produce steel. At least a portion of the oxygen of the oxygen stream and a second portion of the carbon of the carbon stream are combined to generate power and a carbon dioxide stream.

Raw material feed into an electric arc furnace (“EAF”) is melted into heated liquid metal at a controlled temperature with impurities and inclusions removed as a separate liquid slag layer. The heated liquid metal is removed from the EAF into a passively heatable ladle wherein it is moved into a refining station where they are placed into a inductively heated refining holding vessel and wherein vacuum oxygen decarburization is applied to remove carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other undesirable impurities from the liquid metal. The ladle and liquid metal is then transferred to a refining station/gas atomizer having a controlled vacuum and inert atmosphere wherein the liquid metal is poured from an inductively heated atomizing holder vessel into a heated tundish at a controlled rate wherein high pressure inert gas is applied through a nozzle to create a spray of metal droplets forming spherical shapes as the droplets cool.

The object of the present invention is to provide a melting/refining furnace for cold iron sources and an operation method for a melting/refining furnace that can increase the heating efficiency of the raw material without causing oxidation of the raw material, reduce the amount of power consumption required for melting the raw material, shorten the melting and refining time, improve the productivity, and reduce costs, and the present invention provides a melting/refining furnace including: one or more through-holes (21) provided to penetrate a furnace wall (2A) of an electric furnace (2); and an oxygen burner-lance (3) provided in the through-hole (21), wherein the oxygen burner-lance (3) includes at least one combustion-supporting gas supply pipe (31) and at least one fuel gas supply pipe (32) which have an opening communicating with an inside of the electric furnace (2), and wherein a high-temperature gas generator (10) is provided in any one or more of the combustion-supporting gas supply pipes (31).

A corrosion resistant alloy, a method for making the corrosion resistant alloy, and a method for using the corrosion resistant alloy are provided. The corrosion resistant alloy includes 13-15 wt. % chromium, 5-7 wt. % nickel, and 2.5-4.5 wt. % molybdenum.

An apparatus for supplying gas to a determinate number of injector devices of a melting furnace for the production of metal, including a main feed line, a first secondary feed line and a second secondary feed line which are respectively configured to supply, selectively and in a controlled manner, a process gas, an inert gas and a purge gas to each of the injector devices.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.