A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes: a base steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition; a glass coating provided on the surface of the base steel sheet; and a tension-applying insulation coating provided on the surface of the glass coating, in which linear thermal strains having, a predetermined angle (φ) with respect to a transverse direction which is a direction orthogonal to a rolling direction are periodically formed on the surface of the tension-applying insulation coating at predetermined intervals along the rolling direction, a full width at half maximum F1 on the linear thermal strain and a full width at half maximum F2 at an intermediate position between the two linear thermal strains adjacent to each other satisfy 0.00<(F1−F2)/F2≤0.15, the width of the linear thermal strain is 10 μm or more and 300 μm or less, and in the base steel sheet, an orientation distribution angle γ around a rolling direction axis of secondary recrystallization grains, an orientation distribution angle α around an axis parallel to a normal direction, and an orientation distribution angle β around an axis perpendicular to each of the RD axis and the ND axis in units of ° satisfy 1.0≤γ≤8.0 and 0.0≤(α.sup.2+β.sup.2).sup.0.5≤10.0.

A high-strength galvanized steel sheet includes a steel sheet having a chemical composition containing a predetermined component element, a mass ratio of a content of Si to a content of Mn in the steel (Si/Mn) being 0.1 or more and less than 0.2, and the balance: Fe and incidental impurities, and a steel structure in which an average grain size of inclusions containing at least one of Al, Si, Mg, and Ca and existing in an area extending from a surface to a position of ⅓ of a sheet thickness is 50 μm or less, and an average nearest distance between ones of the inclusions is 20 μm or more; and a galvanized layer provided on a surface of the steel sheet, in which an amount of diffusible hydrogen contained in the steel is less than 0.25 mass ppm, and a tensile strength is 1100 MPa or more.

A method of forming a shaped steel object is provided. The method includes cutting a blank from an alloy composition including 0.05-0.5 wt. % carbon, 4-12 wt. % manganese, 1-8 wt. % aluminum, 0-0.4 wt. % vanadium, and a remainder balance of iron. The method also includes heating the blank until the blank is austenitized to form a heated blank, transferring the heated blank to a press, forming the heating blank into a predetermined shape to form a stamped object, and decreasing the temperature of the stamped object to a temperature between a martensite start (Ms) temperature of the alloy composition and a martensite final (Mf) temperature of the alloy composition to form a shaped steel object comprising martensite and retained austenite.

The present disclosure provides a hot-press formed part comprising a plated steel sheet and an aluminum alloy plated layer formed on the plated steel sheet, wherein the aluminum alloy plated layer comprises: an alloying layer (I) formed on the plated steel sheet and containing, by weight %, 5-30% of Al; an alloying layer (II) formed on the alloying layer (I) and containing, by weight %, 30 to 60% of Al; an alloying layer (III) formed on the alloying layer (II) and containing, by weight %, 20-50% of Al and 5-20% of Si; and an alloying layer (IV) formed continuously or discontinuously on at least a part of the surface of the alloying layer (III), and containing 30-60% of Al, wherein the rate of the alloying layer (III) exposed on the outermost surface of the aluminum alloy plated layer is 10% or more.

A method for open-loop and/or closed-loop control of a heating of a cast or rolled metal product, includes the steps of determining the total enthalpy of the metal product from a sum of the free molar enthalpies (Gibbs energy) of all phases and/or phase fractions currently present in the metal product; determining a temperature distribution within the metal product by means of a dynamic temperature calculation model using the total enthalpy determined; and open-loop and/or closed-loop controlling of the heating of the metal product as a function of at least one output variable of the temperature calculation model.

A method for open-loop and/or closed-loop control of a heating of a cast or rolled metal product, includes the steps of determining the total enthalpy of the metal product from a sum of the free molar enthalpies (Gibbs energy) of all phases and/or phase fractions currently present in the metal product; determining a temperature distribution within the metal product by means of a dynamic temperature calculation model using the total enthalpy determined; and open-loop and/or closed-loop controlling of the heating of the metal product as a function of at least one output variable of the temperature calculation model.

The invention relates to a method and a device for rapidly cooling a metal strip and removing residues present on the strip after this cooling, wherein the residues are formed during a cooling of said metal strip by a non-oxidizing liquid solution for the metal strip and a stripping liquid solution for the oxides present on the surface of the strip, or by a mixture of this liquid solution and a gas.

A non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, in wt %, Si: 1.5 to 4.0%, Al: 0.1 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.5%, Sn: 0.015 to 0.1%, P: 0.005 to 0.05%, Ga: 0.001 to 0.004%, and Bi: 0.0005 to 0.003%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. An area fraction of texture in a {118}//ND orientation is higher than that of texture in a {111}///ND orientation.

A non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, in wt %, Si: 1.5% or less, C: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), Mn: 0.03 to 3%, P: 0.01 to 0.2%, S: 0.001 to 0.02%, Al: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), N: 0.005% or less (excluding 0%), Cu: 0.02 to 0.3%, 0.0001 to 0.005 wt % of Ca and Mg either alone or in total, 0.001 to 0.2 wt % of Sb and Sn either alone or in total, and a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.

Disclosed is a bearing wire rod includes, in percent by weight (wt %), 0.8 to 1.2% of C, 0.01 to 0.6% of Si, 0.1 to 0.6% of Mn, 1.0 to 2.0% of Cr, 0.01 to 0.06% of Al, 0.02% or less (exclusive of 0) of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein a prior austenite grain size of a microstructure is from 3 to 10 μm, and a sum of lengths of high angle grain boundaries having a misorientation angle of 15° or more per unit area is from 1,000 to 4,000 mm/mm.sup.2.