The present invention relates to a coated substrate material. The substrate can be a steel alloy and the microstructure in the steel alloy can be altered with a low temperature coating process. The present invention also relates to a method to coat the substrate at the low temperature. The present invention also relates to a coating wherein the melting temperature of the coating is reduced with a dopant compared to the melting temperature without the dopant. The present invention also relates to a method to make the coating with the dopant.

The present invention provides an annealing separator composition, a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.

An annealing separator composition for a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of present invention comprising: on the basis of total solid 100 wt %, 5 to 70 wt % of mullite; and the remainder being magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide.

The present invention provides an annealing separator composition, a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.

An annealing separator composition for a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of present invention comprising: on the basis of total solid 100 wt %, 5 to 70 wt % of mullite; and the remainder being magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide.

A method for manufacturing a cold-forged, extruded aluminum alloy tube includes the steps of: providing a primary material having a hollow columnar shape and made of an aluminum alloy material, and a first cold extrusion apparatus; processing the primary material to form a preform; subjecting the preform to a homogeneous annealing by heating to a temperature of about 410 C. to 510 C. and then cooling to a temperature of about 160 C. to 200 C.; testing the hardness of the preform; immersing the preform in a tank containing lubricant having a free total acidity concentration of 40 to 50 mg/L at a working temperature of 80 C. to 100 C.; and subjecting the preform to cold extrusion.

A process of producing a composite motor vehicle component, the process comprising the steps of: heating a surface treated steel part (1) to an austenite temperature so as to form austenite in said steel part; forming the steel part to a desired shape, cooling the steel part to a temperature below 500 C., applying a patch (2) of a prepreg fibre reinforced polymer to at least a part of said steel part, pressing the applied patch (2) of fibre reinforced polymer into adhesion to steel part (1), and at least partly curing said patch inside said pressing tool.

Billets and methods for manufacturing them are disclosed. The billets include a cladding member including an alloy selected from the group including stainless steel, nickel-chrome, nickel-copper, and copper-nickel alloys, and a steel body that is positioned so that it has an interface with the cladding member, the steel body having a formation in which the scavenging metal is located and elements being provided for separating the scavenging metal from the cladding member at the interface.

Billets and methods for manufacturing them are disclosed. The billets include a cladding member including an alloy selected from the group including stainless steel, nickel-chrome, nickel-copper, and copper-nickel alloys, and a steel body that is positioned so that it has an interface with the cladding member, the steel body having a formation in which the scavenging metal is located and elements being provided for separating the scavenging metal from the cladding member at the interface.

A method for manufacturing a cold-forged, extruded aluminum alloy tube includes the steps of: providing a primary material having a hollow columnar shape and made of an aluminum alloy material, and a first cold extrusion apparatus; processing the primary material to form a preform; subjecting the preform to a homogeneous annealing by heating to a temperature of about 410 C. to 510 C. and then cooling to a temperature of about 160 C. to 200 C.; testing the hardness of the preform; immersing the preform in a tank containing lubricant having a total acidity concentration of 40 to 50 mg/L at a working temperature of 80 C. to 100 C.; and subjecting the preform to cold extrusion.

A method for manufacturing a cold-forged, extruded aluminum alloy tube includes the steps of: providing a primary material having a hollow columnar shape and made of an aluminum alloy material, and a first cold extrusion apparatus; processing the primary material to form a preform; subjecting the preform to a homogeneous annealing by heating to a temperature of about 410 C. to 510 C. and then cooling to a temperature of about 160 C. to 200 C.; testing the hardness of the preform; immersing the preform in a tank containing lubricant having a total acidity concentration of 40 to 50 mg/L at a working temperature of 80 C. to 100 C.; and subjecting the preform to cold extrusion.

A method of annealing of steel sheets is provided which includes a first step consisting in fully oxidizing the surface of such steel sheet thus creating a fully oxided surface layer, a second step consisting in selectively oxidizing elements other than iron of such steel, in an area extending under said fully oxided layer, thus creating a selectively oxided internal layer and a third step consisting in fully reducing said fully oxided surface layer.