A thermal protection system includes a housing, an interior cavity, and a thermal barrier within the housing. The thermal barrier includes a compartment containing an insulating medium, and is disposed around at least a part of the interior cavity to maintain a temperature of the interior cavity within a first temperature range. A pressure relief valve arranged at least partially within the housing is in fluid communication with the insulated compartment and permits a fluid, such as air, within the compartment to pass to the environment outside of the compartment when a fluid pressure within the compartment exceeds a predetermined pressure. The compartment is sealed from the environment except for the fluid communication via the pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve is coupled to a thermally-protected mounting within the housing that maintains a temperature of an operative portion of the pressure relief valve within a second temperature range.

An apparatus for the off-line drying treatment, or dry out, of an inductor for billets that includes a coil and a protection body made of refractory material that defines a transit channel for the billets.

A process for manufacturing compact coils of ultra-fine grained, martensite-free steel bars, the process comprising the following stages:

a) rolling a steel billet by means of a roughing rolling mill producing a steel bar;

b) performing at least one first cooling stage so that the steel bar has a surface temperature higher than the martensite start temperature, and performing at least one first equalization stage in air;

c) rolling the steel bar by means of at least one intermediate rolling mill;

d) performing at least one second cooling stage always maintaining the surface temperature higher than the martensite start temperature, and performing at least one second equalization stage in air;

e) rolling the steel bar by means of a finishing rolling mill in a non-recrystallization temperature range, maintaining the whole cross-section of the steel bar within said non-recrystallization temperature range, and with a total reduction between 25 and 50% with respect to the cross-section of the steel bar at the entry of the finishing rolling mill, in order to obtain an ultra-fine-grained austenitic matrix;

f) winding the steel bar in a compact coil, by means at least one spooling device, so that the ultra-fine-grained austenitic matrix transforms in a mixture of ferrite and pearlite.

After the winding operation is completed, the compact coil can be transferred to a storage area through a transferring device, for example a walking beam, where a natural or forced or retarded cooling is applied to the coil.

The present disclosure relates to a heat treatment method and a heat treatment furnace that enable characteristics on an equal level to those when bluing processing is performed to be obtained without the bluing processing being performed in stress-relief annealing of a motor core. A heat treatment method according to one aspect is a heat treatment method in stress-relief annealing of a motor core. The heat treatment method includes an annealing step of annealing the motor core by using an exothermic converted gas as a furnace atmospheric gas, and a cooling step of cooling the motor core obtained in the annealing step, by using an exothermic converted gas as a furnace atmospheric gas, in a temperature range from a temperature in the annealing step to 500° C. at a cooling rate exceeding 600° C. per hour.

The invention relates to a method for rolling a metal product (1), wherein the metal product is subjected to a rolling operation at a first station (2), which rolling operation is controlled by a control device (3), wherein the product (1) is subject to a measurement at a second station (4), wherein the product (1) is subjected to a further processing operation at a third station (6), and wherein the product (1) is in a specified quality at a fourth station (7). In order to increase the quality of the produced strip, the invention provides that the method has the following steps: a) measuring the value of a material property (IW) that the second station (4); b) feeding the value measured at the second station (4) to the control device (3), comparing the measured value with a value (SW) stored in the control device (3), and adjusting a parameter (PPI) if the measured value deviates from the stored value (SW), e) measuring a value of a quality material property (Q) at the fourth station (7); d) comparing the measured value with a stored value, and initiating a measure to influence the quality material property (Q) if the measured value deviates from the stored value beyond a permissible tolerance.

The invention relates to a device for water spray quenching that includes (i) a quenching chamber designed and set up to receive metallic workpieces, with a batch of volume V.sub.0 of 0.045 to 3.5 m.sup.3 and (ii) at least one atomizer which is configured to atomize water in air or nitrogen and is fluidically connected to the quenching chamber; in which the at least one atomizer and the device are designed and set up to generate a spray mist with a water content of 2.5 to 40 vol. % and a Sauter mean diameter of 20 to 2000 m and also a spray mist flow through the batch volume V.sub.0 of 0.05 to 25 m.sup.3/s.

A method of cooling control for a steel plate, a cooling control device, and a method of manufacturing a steel plate, which adjust an upper/lower water ratio and prevent C-warping during cooling. The method of cooling control includes: determining an upper/lower water ratio of a steel plate being cooled wherein at least one of a C-warping amount and a curvature is within a target permissible range, based on a past operating condition, a past upper/lower water ratio when cooling under the past operating condition has been implemented, and at least one of a past C-warping amount and a past curvature measured by a shape measuring meter at an outgoing side of a cooling zone when the cooling under the past operating condition is implemented; and adjusting an amount of cooling water to be blown onto the steel plate to reach the upper/lower water ratio.

A railway wheel having, in mass %, C: 0.80 to 1.15%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 0.10 to 1.25%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Al: 0.025 to 0.650%, N: 0.0030 to 0.0200%, Cr: 0 to 0.60%, and V: 0 to 0.12%, with the balance being Fe and impurities. The railway wheel has a hub part, a rim part including a tread and a flange, and a web part disposed between the hub part and the rim part. The area fraction of pearlite in the hub, web, and rim parts is 95% or more, and the amount of pro-eutectoid cementite is not more than 1.0 pieces/100 μm. The amount of pro-eutectoid cementite is calculated as (pieces/100 μm)=a total sum of the number of pieces of pro-eutectoid cementite which intersect with two diagonal lines in a square visual field of 200 μm×200 μm/(5.66×100 μm).

A hot stamping system includes a controller programmed to alter a coolant flow rate, without altering cycle time, in an active cooling system of a die arrangement, configured to hot stamp metal into components, based on an amount of heat transferred from the components to the active cooling system such that a grain structure of the components transitions from an austenitic state to a martensitic state while the die arrangement is closed.

The present invention belongs to the field of heat treatment for metal plate strips, and discloses a water spray system for heat treatment of metal plate strips and a control method. The system comprises a shunt water collector, sub-water supply pipelines, a control valve group and a control system. The control method comprises a water pressure regulating method and a water flow regulating method. The shunt water collector adopts multi-pipeline uniform flow design and realizes uniform shunt and constant pressure water supply. The sub-water supply pipelines are designed with three configuration modes of a control valve group in accordance with varieties and specifications of metal plate strips, rhythms of production and heat treatment technologies to realize dual closed-loop control of water pressure-water flow.