The present invention relates to a carbon-doped alloy steel with super room-temperature ductility, the carbon-doped alloy steel includes a chemical composition including 10-30 wt. % of nickel (Ni), 0.01-5 wt. % of silicon (Si), 0.01-2 wt. % of carbon (C), and 60-90 wt. % of iron (Fe). Different from traditional super-plastic alloys that could only obtain superplasticity at high homologous temperatures, the present invention introduces a super-ductile steel that exhibits a giant uniform elongation of over 100% at room temperature. Meanwhile, different from deformation softening in super-plastic alloys, super-ductile steels show an exceptional work-hardening capability, enabling them to obtain enough strength for application.

The present invention provides a bake-hardenable high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having excellent bake hardenability, cold aging resistance, and deep-drawability, and reduced planar anisotropy, containing chemical components in % by mass of: C: 0.0010% to 0.0040%, Si: 0.005% to 0.05%, Mn: 0.1% to 0.8%, P: 0.01% to 0.07%, S: 0.001% to 0.01%, Al: 0.01% to 0.08%, N: 0.0010% to 0.0050%, Nb: 0.002% to 0.020%, and Mo: 0.005% to 0.050%, a value of [Mn %]/[P %] being in the range of 1.6 to 45, where [Mn %] is an amount of Mn and [P %] is an amount of P, an amount of C in solid solution obtained from [C %](12/93)[Nb %] being in the range of 0.0005% to 0.0025%, where [C %] is an amount of C and [Nb %] is an amount of Nb, with a balance including Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the bake-hardenable high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet satisfies the following Equation (1), where X(222), X(110), and X(200) represent ratios of integrated intensity of X-ray diffraction of {222} plane, {110} plane, and {200} plane, respectively, being parallel to a plane located at a depth of plate thickness measured from the surface of the steel sheet, and the bake-hardenable high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet has tensile strength in the range of 300 MPa to 450 MPa.

Disclosed herein are new face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) high-entropy alloys with compositions (in atomic %) of Fe.sub.aNi.sub.bMn.sub.cAl.sub.dCr.sub.eC.sub.f where a is between 37-43 atomic %, b is between 8-14 atomic %, c is between 32-38 atomic %, d is 4.5-10.5 atomic %, e is between 2.5-9 atomic % and f is between 0-2 atomic %. The undoped alloy has strength of 159 MPa and 40% elongation to failure, but the doped, carbon-containing alloy having 1.1 atomic percent carbon has yield strength of 360 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1200 MPa and 50% elongation to failure at room temperature. At 700 C., the yield strength is 214 MPa with 24% elongation to failure. Thus, the present alloy may replace austenitic stainless steels in applications where better strength is needed at both room temperature and elevated temperature in an oxidation resistant alloy.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy having superelastic properties and/or shape memory for biomedical use, which comprises the steps of: preparing an ingot by melting the various metals that form the desired alloy in a vacuum; optionally homogenizing the ingot in a vacuum by high-temperature annealing (higher than 900 C.); first quenching; mechanical shaping (rolling, drawing, machining or the like); heat treatment for redissolution in beta phase beyond the beta transus temperature (until a second temperature and then maintaining same for a certain time); and second quenching; characterized in that said heat treatment phase is carried out in a gaseous atmosphere and also constitutes a surface treatment suitable for forming on the surface a layer of nitride, carbonitride, oxide, oxynitride or the like.

A monolithic titanium alloy having, in a temperature range (T) and at atmospheric pressure: an outer peripheral zone of a microstructure having a modulus of elasticity (E.sub.1) and possessing superelastic properties in the range (T), and a core of a microstructure having a modulus of elasticity (E.sub.2), and possessing elastic properties in the range (T); the microstructures and being different from one another, and the modulus of elasticity (E.sub.1) being lower than said modulus of elasticity (E.sub.2).

A galvannealed steel sheet obtainable by a method including the provision of a specific steel sheet, a recrystallization annealing with specific heating, soaking and cooling sub-steps using an inert gas, a hot-dip galvanizing and an alloying treatment, wherein the zinc coating is alloyed through diffusion of the iron from the steel sheet such that the zinc coating includes from 5 to 15% by weight of Fe, oxides including FeO, Mn2SiO4 and MnO, the balance being zinc, the steel sheet including internal oxides including FeO, Mn2SiO4 and MnO in the steel sheet.