A manufacturing method of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes producing a cold-rolled plate; forming a groove in the cold-rolled plate; performing primary recrystallization annealing to the cold-rolled plate; and applying an annealing separator to the primary-recrystallized cold-rolled plate and performing secondary recrystallization annealing, wherein a weight ratio of SiO.sub.2/Fe.sub.xSiO.sub.y of the surface layer part of the cold-rolled plate is 0.3 to 3 after the primary recrystallization annealing of the cold-rolled plate. (Here, x is an integer from 1 to 2, and y is an integer from 2 to 4.)

In a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet by hot rolling a steel slab having a chemical composition including C: 0.001˜0.10 mass %, Si: 1.0˜5.0 mass %, Mn: 0.01˜0.5 mass %, Al: less than 0.0100 mass %, each of S, Se, O and N: not more than 0.0050 mass % and the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities, subjecting the resulting hot rolled sheet to a single cold rolling or two or more cold rollings sandwiching an intermediate annealing therebetween to a final thickness, subjecting to a primary recrystallization annealing, applying an annealing separator thereto and then subjecting to a finish annealing, a zone of 550˜700° C. in a heating process of the primary recrystallization annealing is rapidly heated at an average heating rate of 40˜200° C./s, while any temperature zone of 250˜550° C. is kept at a heating rate of not more than 10° C./s for 1˜10 seconds, whereby secondary recrystallized grains are refined to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet stably realizing a low iron loss.

In a method of producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet by hot rolling a steel slab having a chemical composition comprising C: 0.001 to 0.10 mass %, Si: 1.0 to 5.0 mass %, Mn: 0.01 to 0.5 mass %, S and/or Se: 0.005 to 0.040 mass %, sol. Al: 0.003˜0.050 mass % and N: 0.0010 to 0.020 mass %, subjecting to single cold rolling or two or more cold rollings including an intermediate annealing therebetween to a final thickness, performing primary recrystallization annealing, and thereafter applying an annealing separator to perform final annealing, a temperature range of 550° C. to 700° C. in a heating process of the primary recrystallization annealing is rapidly heated at an average heating rate of 40 to 200° C./s, while any temperature zone of from 250° C. to 550° C. is kept at a heating rate of not more than 10° C./s for 1 to 10 seconds, whereby the refining of secondary recrystallized grains is attained and grain-oriented electrical steel sheets are stably obtained with a low iron loss.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes a steel layer and an insulation coating arranged in directly contact with the steel layer thereon. The steel layer includes, as a chemical composition, by mass %, 2.9 to 4.0% of Si, 2.0 to 4.0% of Mn, 0 to 0.20% of Sn, and 0 to 0.20% of Sb. In the steel layer, a silicon content and a manganese content expressed in mass % satisfy 1.2%≦Si-0.5×Mn≦2.0%, and a tin content and an antimony content expressed in mass % satisfy 0.005%≦Sn+Sb≦0.20%.

In a method of producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising subjecting a steel slab containing no inhibitor-forming components to hot rolling, cold rolling, primary recrystallization annealing working also as decarburization and to final annealing causing secondary recrystallization after applying an annealing separator on the surface, the final cold rolling for cold rolling the steel sheet to the final thickness uses a warm rolling with a tandem rolling mill at a total rolling reduction of not less than 80% at 150 to 280° C. and is performed by extending a pass line length of the steel sheet between the stands so that T satisfies T≥1.3×L/V, where an distance between the stands is defined as L(m), a speed of the steel sheet passing between the stands is defined as V (mpm), and a pass time during which the steel sheet passes between the stands is defined as T(min).

A Cr-based stainless steel sheet includes: 0.020 mass % or less of C; 1.00 mass % or less of Si; 1.00 mass % or less of Mn; 0.040 mass % or less of P; 0.0030 mass % or less of S; 10.0 to 18.0 mass % of Cr; 0.020 mass % or less of N; 0.10 mass % or less of Al; and one or both of 0.5 mass % or less of Nb and 0.5 mass % or less of Ti; in which a texture in a sheet surface satisfies (i) and (ii) below. (i) In the sheet surface, an area ratio of crystal grains ({211}±10-degree-oriented grains) whose orientation difference between a normal direction of the surface and a {211}-plane orientation is 10 degrees or less is less than 30%. (ii) For the {211}±10-degree-oriented grains, a length in a rolling direction and a length in a sheet width direction are each less than 0.15 mm on average.

A linear groove formation method including forming a coated resist on a surface of a steel sheet, irradiating two or more laser beams onto the surface of the steel sheet while scanning the laser beams in a direction intersecting the rolling direction of the steel sheet cyclically in a rolling direction of the steel sheet, and forming linear grooves by etching portions of the steel sheet. In the laser irradiating process, the coated resist is removed continuously in a sheet transverse direction of the steel sheet by using the laser beams irradiated from respective ones of two or more laser irradiation devices arranged in the sheet transverse direction, and the laser beams are irradiated by shifting centers of two of the laser beams irradiated from two of the laser two of the laser irradiation devices adjacent to each other in the sheet transverse direction.

A steel sheet has a specific chemical composition and has a structure represented by, by area ratio, ferrite: 30 to 95%, and bainite: 5 to 70%. When a region that is surrounded by a grain boundary having a misorientation of 15° or more and has a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.3 μm or more is defined as a crystal grain, the proportion of crystal grains each having an intragranular misorientation of 5 to 14° to all crystal grains is 20 to 100% by area ratio. An average aspect ratio of ellipses equivalent to the crystal grains is 5 or less. An average distribution density of the total of Ti-based carbides and Nb-based carbides each having a grain size of 20 nm or more on ferrite grain boundaries is 10 carbides/μm or less.

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet using an inhibitor-less technique, in which cold rolling includes final cold rolling with a total cold rolling reduction being set to 85% or more and a rolling reduction per pass being set to 32% or more. The final cold rolling includes one or more passes and a final pass succeeding the one or more passes and uses work rolls having a surface roughness Ra of 0.25 μm or less in at least one of the one or more passes other than the final pass. According to this method, it is possible to stably manufacture a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet exhibiting excellent magnetic properties at low cost.

A conveyor belt configured for a direction of travel, the conveyor belt including a plurality of connecting rods; and a spiral overlay; wherein each of the connecting rods has a flattened oblong cross section. In addition, a method a manufacturing a connector rod for a conveyor, belt includes providing a connector rod having a circular cross section; rolling the connector rod along a longitudinal axis thereof, and thereby producing a flattened oblong cross section.