Provided is a method for producing a reduced form of a metal oxide, the method being capable of preventing the production of carbon dioxide. The method for producing a reduced form of a metal oxide may use a partition member and a high-melting-point material that comprises an absorbent material and an insulation material.

A method for leaching of rare earth elements in fluorescent lamp waste is provided, which enables the direct leaching of Y and Eu in the red phosphorus within the phosphor powder and La, Ce, Gd and Tb metals, especially in the blue and green phosphorus, in a single step, without using pre-treatment step of phosphor powders in fluorescent lamp waste, which require high energy consumption.

A method for leaching of rare earth elements in fluorescent lamp waste is provided, which enables the direct leaching of Y and Eu in the red phosphorus within the phosphor powder and La, Ce, Gd and Tb metals, especially in the blue and green phosphorus, in a single step, without using pre-treatment step of phosphor powders in fluorescent lamp waste, which require high energy consumption.

A compound or complex containing a rare earth element is impinged with a pulsed laser that is so controlled as to photochemically reduce and obtain a rare earth metal (REM). A mixture of REM salts can be impinged using laser light tuned to selectively reduce a particular rare earth-containing salt of the mixture to separate out as its respective rare earth metal.

A compound or complex containing a rare earth element is impinged with a pulsed laser that is so controlled as to photochemically reduce and obtain a rare earth metal (REM). A mixture of REM salts can be impinged using laser light tuned to selectively reduce a particular rare earth-containing salt of the mixture to separate out as its respective rare earth metal.