Provided is a method for directly recovering lead oxide used for a lead-acid battery negative electrode from waste lead paste. The method comprises: (1) contacting waste lead paste with a barium-containing desulphurizer under desulphurization reaction conditions, and performing a solid-liquid separation on the mixture after contacting to obtain a filtrate and a filtration residue; and (2) performing a conversion reaction on the above-mentioned filtration residue at a temperature of 350-750° C. so as to convert the lead-containing components in the filtration residue into lead oxide. In the method, the direct recovery of a lead oxide raw material applicable to a lead-acid battery negative electrode from waste lead paste is achieved by quantitatively replenishing a barium sulphate additive in the process of desulphuration thereby substantially decreasing the recovery cost and energy consumption, and improving the comprehensive utilization of waste lead paste.

Disclosed herein are methods of using reactor outputs to purify materials. For example, methods of using acid and/or base produced in a reactor to purify materials (e.g., limestone, dolomite, waste streams, and/or ash) are described herein. Related systems are also described.

Processes are disclosed for the preparation of granular sorbent, useful to recover lithium values from brine. The process comprises reacting a granular aluminum hydroxide with an aqueous solution containing lithium salt and alkali hydroxide, optionally in the presence of alkali chloride. The granular aluminum hydroxide can be a compressed aluminum hydroxide having an average particle size of at least 300 microns. The granular sorbent obtained by the method and its use to recover lithium values from brine are disclosed.

Apparatuses and methods for extracting desired chemical species including, without limitation, lithium, specific lithium species, and/or other chemical compounds from input flows in a modular unit. The input flows may be raw materials in which lithium metal and/or lithium species are dissolved and/or extracted. The apparatuses and methods may include daisy chain flow through separate tanks, a column array, and combinations thereof.

Provided is a method for recycling a lead oxide-containing waste material, comprising: (1) contacting the lead oxide-containing waste material with a desulphurizer under desulphurization reaction conditions, and performing a solid-liquid separation on the mixture after contacting to obtain a filtrate and a filtration residue; (2) performing a conversion reaction on the above-mentioned filtration residue at a temperature of 350-750° C. so as to convert the lead-containing components in the filtration residue into lead oxide; (3) contacting the product obtained from step (2) with an alkaline solution so as to dissolve the PbO therein, and then performing a solid-liquid separation to obtain a PbO-alkaline solution; and (4) crystallizing the PbO-alkaline solution from step (3) to obtain PbO crystals and an alkaline filtrate. The method can reduce the energy consumption.

A method of facilitating wet recovery of high density material from input wet incinerator bottom ash is disclosed. The method involves receiving the input wet incinerator bottom ash at a first density separator, separating by density from the input wet incinerator bottom ash, by the first density separator, first high density wet incinerator bottom ash and first low density wet incinerator bottom ash, causing the first low density wet incinerator bottom ash to flow to a second density separator, and separating by density from the first low density wet incinerator bottom ash, by the second density separator, second high density wet incinerator bottom ash and second low density incinerator bottom ash. Systems and apparatuses are also disclosed.

Provided is a method for recycling indium from a panel on which an electrode layer made of indium tin oxide (ITO) is formed, comprising: S1 —removing each of pattern layers on the panel to obtain particles formed by the pattern layers; S2 —adding an acid solution to the particles so as to dissolve the substances which can be dissolved in the acid solution, and then filtering to give a solution containing indium ion; S3 —adding an alkaline solution to the solution obtained in step S2, so that metal ions other than indium ion can form precipitates with hydroxyl ion; S4 —filtering off the precipitates formed in step S3; and S5 —evaporating the solution obtained in step S4 to obtain crystals of indium salt. The method improves the reusing rate of the defective panels, is helpful to environment protection, and saves resources.

A method is provided for recycling lithium-ion batteries containing plastics, electrolyte, carbon, metals, and lithium. The method includes: Lithium-ion batteries are ground to form ground battery material which is then pyrolyzed at a temperature between about 100° C. and 700° C. for a time sufficient to vaporize about 80 wt % to 100 wt % of electrolytes present in the ground battery material. The resulting material is further ground and screen classified to produce a screen oversize and a screen undersize. The screen oversize comprises metals and plastics, while the screen undersize comprises a black mass material. Lithium dissolution, triboelectric charging and electrostatic separation of the black mass material (not necessarily in that order) produces a liquid comprising dissolved lithium, a graphite product, and a concentrated metal fines product. Lithium is precipitated from the liquid comprising dissolved lithium, and the concentrated metal fines can be further treated by hydrometallurgy or pyrometallurgy processes.

A solid particulate composition useful in extracting a lithium salt from aqueous solutions, the composition comprising lithium, metal atoms, oxygen atoms, and at least one anionic species (X) selected from halide, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate and bicarbonate, all in a framework structure, wherein said metal atoms are selected from at least one of oxophilic main group metal and oxophilic transition metal atoms, provided that, if the metal atoms comprise aluminum atoms, then at least 10 mol % of said aluminum atoms are substituted with at least one metal atom selected from said at least one oxophilic main group and oxophilic transition metal atoms, other than aluminum, and wherein said lithium is present in said composition in an amount less than a saturated amount in order to permit extraction of lithium salt. Methods for extracting and recovering a lithium salt from an aqueous solution by use of the above-described composition are also described.

A novel process for treating pickling acid residue and recovering sulfates and nickel therefrom has been developed. By lowering the pH of a magnesium compound slurry to 4-5.5 with sulfuric acid containing pickling acid residue in the presence of ammonium sulfate, both magnesium sulfate and nickel sulfate are solubilized. Magnesium sulfate and nickel sulfate solution is separated from the solids by filtration and an iron hydroxide and chromium hydroxide residue is obtained as a precipitate. Magnesium sulfate and nickel sulfate are then separated from the solution.