The present application relates to a process for the purification of waste materials or industrial by-products, the process comprising the steps of: a) Preparing a composition (C) by blending or mixing waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) with one or more materials comprising heavy metals (HM) b) Reacting (B) and (HM) by thermal treatment of (C) c) Separating evaporated heavy metal chloride compounds (HMCC) d) Obtaining a solid material after the thermal treatment step.

The present application relates to a process for the purification of waste materials or industrial by-products, the process comprising the steps of: a) Preparing a composition (C) by blending or mixing waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) with one or more materials comprising heavy metals (HM) b) Reacting (B) and (HM) by thermal treatment of (C) c) Separating evaporated heavy metal chloride compounds (HMCC) d) Obtaining a solid material after the thermal treatment step.

A pellet including C-grade iron fines and a binder; a method of producing said pellet, including mixing the C-grade iron fines and the binder to form a mixture and agglomerating the mixture to form a pellet; and a method of producing steel, including heating a pellet including C-grade iron fines and a binder in an electric arc furnace are all provided.

There is provided a method for recovering lead from copper smelting dust according to the present invention includes an alkali leaching step of leaching lead contained in copper smelting dust with an alkali solution, a step of performing a solid liquid separation on a post-leaching solution and a leaching residue after the alkali leaching step, a neutralization step of adding an acid to the separated post-leaching solution to precipitate a lead, and a step of recovering a precipitate containing the lead by performing a solid liquid separation.

There is provided a method for recovering lead from copper smelting dust according to the present invention includes an alkali leaching step of leaching lead contained in copper smelting dust with an alkali solution, a step of performing a solid liquid separation on a post-leaching solution and a leaching residue after the alkali leaching step, a neutralization step of adding an acid to the separated post-leaching solution to precipitate a lead, and a step of recovering a precipitate containing the lead by performing a solid liquid separation.

A method of making a zeolite comprises: adding a zeolite seed to a leach solution containing silicon and aluminum; and heating the leach solution to obtain the zeolite. The leach solution can be made by mixing coal ash with a basic stream, thereby creating (i) a leach solution containing silicon and aluminum, and (ii) leached ash; and separating the leach solution from the leached ash.

A vanadium recovery approach utilizes oil fly ash (OFA), in contrast to coal fly ash, for separation and recovery of vanadium. OFA is first carbon burned to reduce the volume for recycling, and also to provide a fuel for other industrial processes. Following an almost 90% weight reduction from carbon burning, the remaining material includes about 18% vanadium. A salt roasting performed at the same temperature (about 650 C.) as the carbon burning allows use of the same oven or furnace, reducing heat requirements for the overall process. Salt roasting generates a water-soluble material from which a water leaching process yields a vanadium leach solution containing recovered vanadium, avoiding a need for caustic or volatile leaching agents. Ammonium metavanadate is precipitated from the vanadium leach solution through addition of ammonium sulfate, and a calcination process used to generate vanadium oxide (V.sub.2O.sub.5).

A vanadium recovery approach utilizes oil fly ash (OFA), in contrast to coal fly ash, for separation and recovery of vanadium. OFA is first carbon burned to reduce the volume for recycling, and also to provide a fuel for other industrial processes. Following an almost 90% weight reduction from carbon burning, the remaining material includes about 18% vanadium. A salt roasting performed at the same temperature (about 650 C.) as the carbon burning allows use of the same oven or furnace, reducing heat requirements for the overall process. Salt roasting generates a water-soluble material from which a water leaching process yields a vanadium leach solution containing recovered vanadium, avoiding a need for caustic or volatile leaching agents. Ammonium metavanadate is precipitated from the vanadium leach solution through addition of ammonium sulfate, and a calcination process used to generate vanadium oxide (V.sub.2O.sub.5).

The invention relates to ferrite filler (solids) for a heavy liquid suspension, a method of preparation thereof from waste materials, in particular electronic waste, and use of ferrite as heavy liquid suspension solids.

A process for making modified diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-associated media for use in solid-liquid extraction of rare earth elements is disclosed. The process includes functionalizing DTPA with hydrophobic groups to form modified DTPA; dissolving the modified DTPA into a methanol solution; loading the modified DTPA solution to a solid support; rotating the modified DTPA-loaded solid support to allow for association; and removing the methanol to obtain the modified-DTPA-associated media.