The process includes melting an initial collector alloy charge to start a converter cycle, introducing feed and injecting oxygen into the alloy pool, allowing ferrous slag to collect, terminating feed introduction and oxygen injection to tap the slag, repeating the feed introduction/oxygen injection/slag tapping sequence a plurality of times, and then tapping the alloy to end the cycle. A delay before non-final slag tappings allows any entrained alloy to settle back into the alloy pool, but the final slag tapping is commenced promptly and alloy is optionally entrained. Slag from the final tapping that may contain entrained alloy can be recycled to the converter, e.g., in a subsequent cycle. The process can also include low- or no-flux converting; refractory protectant addition; slag separation; partial feed pre-oxidation; smelting the slag in a secondary furnace with primary furnace slag; and/or jacketing the converter.

The process includes melting an initial collector alloy charge to start a converter cycle, introducing feed and injecting oxygen into the alloy pool, allowing ferrous slag to collect, terminating feed introduction and oxygen injection to tap the slag, repeating the feed introduction/oxygen injection/slag tapping sequence a plurality of times, and then tapping the alloy to end the cycle. A delay before non-final slag tappings allows any entrained alloy to settle back into the alloy pool, but the final slag tapping is commenced promptly and alloy is optionally entrained. Slag from the final tapping that may contain entrained alloy can be recycled to the converter, e.g., in a subsequent cycle. The process can also include low- or no-flux converting; refractory protectant addition; slag separation; partial feed pre-oxidation; smelting the slag in a secondary furnace with primary furnace slag; and/or jacketing the converter.

A nonlinear oxygen-enriched injection method based on chaotic mapping and electronic device is disclosed, including: obtaining a chaotic gas injection volume corresponding to a current speed change period according to a chaotic mapping value corresponding to the current speed change period and a peak gas injection volume in an oxygen-enriched injection process; determining a rotational speed of a fan blade in a fan component corresponding to the current speed change period according to the chaotic gas injection volume; updating a rotational speed of a direct current (DC) motor in the fan component corresponding to the current speed change period according to the rotational speed of the fan blade in the fan component, and driving the fan blade to rotate according to an updated rotational speed of the DC motor, so as to update an air output of the fan component. The above operations are repeated until a last stage.

A nonlinear oxygen-enriched injection method based on chaotic mapping and electronic device is disclosed, including: obtaining a chaotic gas injection volume corresponding to a current speed change period according to a chaotic mapping value corresponding to the current speed change period and a peak gas injection volume in an oxygen-enriched injection process; determining a rotational speed of a fan blade in a fan component corresponding to the current speed change period according to the chaotic gas injection volume; updating a rotational speed of a direct current (DC) motor in the fan component corresponding to the current speed change period according to the rotational speed of the fan blade in the fan component, and driving the fan blade to rotate according to an updated rotational speed of the DC motor, so as to update an air output of the fan component. The above operations are repeated until a last stage.

Liquid metal degassing device comprising a chamber containing a liquid metal bath, a device for circulating a gas through a purification chamber and in that the purification chamber comprises a getter material configured to trap dihydrogen from the circulating gas. Method for degassing a liquid metal bath to reduce the hydrogen concentration of the liquid metal comprising the following steps a) Preparing a liquid metal bath, preferably an aluminum alloy b) Circulating a gas, c) Exchanging hydrogen from the circulating gas with the liquid metal such that the hydrogen dissolved in the liquid metal bath diffuses into the circulating gas and enriches the circulating gas with dihydrogen, d) Purifying the circulating gas enriched with dihydrogen in a purification chamber comprising a getter material configured to trap dihydrogen from the circulating gas.

Liquid metal degassing device comprising a chamber containing a liquid metal bath, a device for circulating a gas through a purification chamber and in that the purification chamber comprises a getter material configured to trap dihydrogen from the circulating gas. Method for degassing a liquid metal bath to reduce the hydrogen concentration of the liquid metal comprising the following steps a) Preparing a liquid metal bath, preferably an aluminum alloy b) Circulating a gas, c) Exchanging hydrogen from the circulating gas with the liquid metal such that the hydrogen dissolved in the liquid metal bath diffuses into the circulating gas and enriches the circulating gas with dihydrogen, d) Purifying the circulating gas enriched with dihydrogen in a purification chamber comprising a getter material configured to trap dihydrogen from the circulating gas.

Copper-tin-nickel brazing material prepared by alloys recycled from E-waste, preparation method therefor, and system thereof are provided. A preparation method for the copper-tin-nickel brazing material includes the following steps: (a) spreading nano-SiO.sub.2 on the bottom of crucible and then adding a crude copper-tin-iron-nickel alloy recycled from E-waste; (b) heating the crucible to melt the crude alloy into a metal liquid so that Zn and Pb in the metal liquid react with the SiO.sub.2 to form a slag that floats out; (c) introducing a refining gas to the bottom of metal liquid in step (b), thereby removing the scums or gases formed by Pb, Fe, S, and O in the metal liquid; (d) performing heat-preserving directional solidification on the metal liquid, to bias-aggregate the Fe and Sb at one end and remove the same to obtain a copper-based intermediate alloy; and smelting and powdering the copper-based intermediate alloy.

Copper-tin-nickel brazing material prepared by alloys recycled from E-waste, preparation method therefor, and system thereof are provided. A preparation method for the copper-tin-nickel brazing material includes the following steps: (a) spreading nano-SiO.sub.2 on the bottom of crucible and then adding a crude copper-tin-iron-nickel alloy recycled from E-waste; (b) heating the crucible to melt the crude alloy into a metal liquid so that Zn and Pb in the metal liquid react with the SiO.sub.2 to form a slag that floats out; (c) introducing a refining gas to the bottom of metal liquid in step (b), thereby removing the scums or gases formed by Pb, Fe, S, and O in the metal liquid; (d) performing heat-preserving directional solidification on the metal liquid, to bias-aggregate the Fe and Sb at one end and remove the same to obtain a copper-based intermediate alloy; and smelting and powdering the copper-based intermediate alloy.

Converting process with slag separation and recycle to the converter. The process includes introducing converter feed into the pot holding a molten alloy pool, oxygen injection into the pool, tapping the slag, and tapping the PGM-enriched alloy. The collector alloy contains no less than 0.5 wt % PGM, 40 wt % iron, and 0.5 wt % nickel, and no more than 3 wt % sulfur and 3 wt % copper, and the recovered slag is separated into recycle and non-recycle portions. The recycle slag portion preferably contains more PGM than the non-recycle portion. The process can also include low- or no-flux converting; using a refractory protectant in the converter; magnetic separation of slag; partial pre-oxidation of the converter feed; smelting catalyst material in a primary furnace to produce the collector alloy; and/or smelting the converter slag in a secondary furnace with slag from the primary furnace.

Methods of preparing Zr based metallic using Zr sponge refined by a refining process are described. An exemplary method includes heating Zr sponge in a processing chamber with an electron-beam-heating apparatus or an arc-melting apparatus under a desired pressure condition to release volatile contaminants from the Zr sponge, introducing a purge gas into the processing chamber and permitting the purge gas to intermingle with at least some of the released volatile contaminants, evacuating the processing chamber to extract at least some of the purge gas and released volatile contaminants, repeating the heating of the Zr sponge, the introducing of the purge gas, and the evacuating of the processing chamber release and evacuate additional volatile contaminants from the Zr sponge to provide a processed Zr sponge with enhanced purity, and melting the processed Zr sponge with multiple other alloy constituents to provide a Zr-based metallic alloy.