A method for reducing or eliminating Si contained in an aluminum alloy including: holding the aluminum alloy and Sn at a melt temperature at which the aluminum alloy and Sn are melted; lowering the melt temperature, and holding the aluminum alloy and Sn at a Si crystallization temperature at which solid Si is crystallized while maintaining a molten state of Sn and Al, and separating the solid Si; and further lowering the temperature and holding the aluminum alloy and Sn at an Al crystallization temperature at which Al is crystallized and Sn is in the molten state, to separate and recover solid Al.

Molten metal dispensing systems and techniques for additive manufacturing in space are provided. In one aspect, a molten metal dispensing system includes a cartridge including a channel extending from a first end of the cartridge to a second end of the cartridge, the channel configured to receive a metal bar at the second end of the cartridge. The system also includes a filter positioned adjacent to the first end of the cartridge, a heater configured to melt a portion of the metal bar at the first end of the cartridge, an actuator configured to apply a force to the metal bar to move the metal bar towards the first end of the cartridge. The movement of the metal bar pushes the melted portion of the metal bar through the filter to dispense the melted portion of the metal bar.

A method for breaking down a mixture, which is present in the form of solid particles, consisting of: (A) 0 to 99% by weight of metallic ruthenium, (B) 0 to 50% by weight of at least one element other than ruthenium, which is present in elementary form, selected from the group of elements of the atomic numbers 13, 21-30, 39-42, 45-52, and 72-83, (C) 0 to 99% by weight of ruthenium oxide, (D) 0 to 70% by weight of at least one solid element oxide other than ruthenium, (E) 0 to 30% by weight of at least one inorganic substance other than (A) to (D), and (F) 0 to 3% by weight of at least one organic substance, wherein the sum of the % by weight of the compounds (A) to (F) is 100% by weight and the ruthenium content of the mixture is 2 to 99% by weight, and wherein the method comprises the steps of: (1) optionally mixing said mixture with alkali carbonate by forming a blend, (2) alkaline oxidizing breakdown of the mixture or of the blend, respectively, formed in optional step (1) into molten potassium hydroxide using a gaseous oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen, and air/oxygen mixtures, and without use of nitrate, and (3) cooling down the breakdown material formed in step (2) to a temperature below its solidification temperature, wherein the gaseous oxidizing agent is introduced into the melt in step (2).

A method for breaking down a mixture, which is present in the form of solid particles, consisting of: (A) 0 to 99% by weight of metallic ruthenium, (B) 0 to 50% by weight of at least one element other than ruthenium, which is present in elementary form, selected from the group of elements of the atomic numbers 13, 21-30, 39-42, 45-52, and 72-83, (C) 0 to 99% by weight of ruthenium oxide, (D) 0 to 70% by weight of at least one solid element oxide other than ruthenium, (E) 0 to 30% by weight of at least one inorganic substance other than (A) to (D), and (F) 0 to 3% by weight of at least one organic substance, wherein the sum of the % by weight of the compounds (A) to (F) is 100% by weight and the ruthenium content of the mixture is 2 to 99% by weight, and wherein the method comprises the steps of: (1) optionally mixing said mixture with alkali carbonate by forming a blend, (2) alkaline oxidizing breakdown of the mixture or of the blend, respectively, formed in optional step (1) into molten potassium hydroxide using a gaseous oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen, and air/oxygen mixtures, and without use of nitrate, and (3) cooling down the breakdown material formed in step (2) to a temperature below its solidification temperature, wherein the gaseous oxidizing agent is introduced into the melt in step (2).

Disclosed herein are magnetic materials and methods of making and use thereof. For example, disclosed herein are magnetic materials comprising Fe.sub.4CoSi, Fe.sub.4Co.sub.3Si, FeCo.sub.12Si.sub.3, FeCo.sub.6Si, or a combination thereof. Also disclosed herein are magnetic materials comprising Fe.sub.12Co.sub.4C, Fe.sub.2Co.sub.6C, Fe.sub.4Co.sub.12C, Fe.sub.3Co.sub.9C, Fe.sub.2Co.sub.6C, or a combination thereof. Also disclosed herein are methods of making any of the magnetic materials disclosed herein. Also disclosed herein are methods of making a magnetic material comprising Fe.sub.3CoB.sub.2. Also disclosed herein are methods of use of any of the magnetic materials disclosed herein or any of the magnetic materials made by any of the methods disclosed herein. Also disclosed herein are devices or articles of manufacture comprising any of the magnetic materials disclosed herein or any of the magnetic materials made by any of the methods disclosed herein.

Disclosed herein are magnetic materials and methods of making and use thereof. For example, disclosed herein are magnetic materials comprising Fe.sub.4CoSi, Fe.sub.4Co.sub.3Si, FeCo.sub.12Si.sub.3, FeCo.sub.6Si, or a combination thereof. Also disclosed herein are magnetic materials comprising Fe.sub.12Co.sub.4C, Fe.sub.2Co.sub.6C, Fe.sub.4Co.sub.12C, Fe.sub.3Co.sub.9C, Fe.sub.2Co.sub.6C, or a combination thereof. Also disclosed herein are methods of making any of the magnetic materials disclosed herein. Also disclosed herein are methods of making a magnetic material comprising Fe.sub.3CoB.sub.2. Also disclosed herein are methods of use of any of the magnetic materials disclosed herein or any of the magnetic materials made by any of the methods disclosed herein. Also disclosed herein are devices or articles of manufacture comprising any of the magnetic materials disclosed herein or any of the magnetic materials made by any of the methods disclosed herein.