A system for smelting tin-containing materials is disclosed. The system includes a pretreatment mechanism, a screening mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a smelting mechanism, a slag treatment mechanism and a tail gas treatment mechanism. In addition, the disclosure discloses a method by using the above system. In the disclosure, dry tin-containing materials can be sieved, and fine tin-containing materials can be conveyed into top-blown furnace molten pool for smelting through the belt, while the coarse tin-containing materials can be sprayed into the molten pool through the spray gun, which can reduce the splashing or material leakage loss of the tin-containing materials with smaller particle size during the transportation process, and also avoid the mechanical inclusion or flying loss caused by the belt; furthermore, the fine dry materials are prevented from adding water before entering furnace, thereby reducing smelting energy consumption and smelting flue gas quantity, and realizing environment-friendly and energy-saving smelting.

A system for smelting tin-containing materials is disclosed. The system includes a pretreatment mechanism, a screening mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a smelting mechanism, a slag treatment mechanism and a tail gas treatment mechanism. In addition, the disclosure discloses a method by using the above system. In the disclosure, dry tin-containing materials can be sieved, and fine tin-containing materials can be conveyed into top-blown furnace molten pool for smelting through the belt, while the coarse tin-containing materials can be sprayed into the molten pool through the spray gun, which can reduce the splashing or material leakage loss of the tin-containing materials with smaller particle size during the transportation process, and also avoid the mechanical inclusion or flying loss caused by the belt; furthermore, the fine dry materials are prevented from adding water before entering furnace, thereby reducing smelting energy consumption and smelting flue gas quantity, and realizing environment-friendly and energy-saving smelting.

Disclosed herein is a method for reducing a metal oxide in a metal oxide containing precursor. The method comprises providing a reaction mixture comprising the metal oxide containing precursor and an aluminium reductant; heating the reaction mixture in the presence of solid or gaseous aluminium chloride to a temperature at which reactions that result in the metal oxide being reduced are initiated; controlling reaction conditions whereby the reaction mixture is prevented from reaching a temperature at which thermal runaway can occur; and isolating reaction products that include reduced metal oxide.

Disclosed herein is a method for reducing a metal oxide in a metal oxide containing precursor. The method comprises providing a reaction mixture comprising the metal oxide containing precursor and an aluminium reductant; heating the reaction mixture in the presence of solid or gaseous aluminium chloride to a temperature at which reactions that result in the metal oxide being reduced are initiated; controlling reaction conditions whereby the reaction mixture is prevented from reaching a temperature at which thermal runaway can occur; and isolating reaction products that include reduced metal oxide.