A composition of matter defined by the general formula of M.sub.2+vL.sub.1−vX.sub.2, wherein: X is carbon; M represents a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ta, Sc, Cr, Zr, Mo, V, and Nb; and L represents a lanthanide element selected from the group consisting of Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu.

A Composition of matter defined by the general formula of M1M2M3M4X.sub.3 wherein: X is carbon; and M1, M2, M3, and M4 each represent a different transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Ta, Sc, Cr, Zr, Hf, Mo, V, and Nb.

A method of forming a functionally designed cemented tungsten carbide can include forming a particulate matrix mixture including a primary particulate tungsten carbide and a primary particulate metal binder. A particulate enhancement mixture can be formed having a secondary particulate tungsten carbide, a secondary particulate metal binder, and a particulate grain growth inhibitor, where the enhancement mixture has a finer particle size than the matrix mixture. The particulate matrix mixture can be assembled with the particulate enhancement mixture to form a structured composite where the matrix mixture forms a continuous phase and the enhancement mixture forms at least one of a dispersed granular phase and a surface layer adjacent the continuous phase to form the structured composite. This structured composite can be sintered to form the functionally designed cemented tungsten carbide having a differential grain size with the enhancement phase having a smaller grain size than the matrix phase.

A method of forming a functionally designed cemented tungsten carbide can include forming a particulate matrix mixture including a primary particulate tungsten carbide and a primary particulate metal binder. A particulate enhancement mixture can be formed having a secondary particulate tungsten carbide, a secondary particulate metal binder, and a particulate grain growth inhibitor, where the enhancement mixture has a finer particle size than the matrix mixture. The particulate matrix mixture can be assembled with the particulate enhancement mixture to form a structured composite where the matrix mixture forms a continuous phase and the enhancement mixture forms at least one of a dispersed granular phase and a surface layer adjacent the continuous phase to form the structured composite. This structured composite can be sintered to form the functionally designed cemented tungsten carbide having a differential grain size with the enhancement phase having a smaller grain size than the matrix phase.

The present invention discloses a magnesium alloy, a preparation method of a magnesium alloy section bar and a preparation method of a magnesium alloy rim, wherein the magnesium alloy contains the following components in percentage by weight: 5.5-6.0% of Zn, 0.3-0.6% of Zr, 0.5-2.0% of lanthanum-rich mixed rare earth and the balance of Mg.

An aluminum alloy including aluminum, about 2.5 to about 17.4 weight percent by weight magnesium, about 50 to about 3000 ppm calcium, and at least one of chromium up to about 0.2 percent by weight, zirconium up to about 0.2 percent by weight and manganese up to about 0.3 percent by weight.

An aluminum alloy including aluminum, about 2.5 to about 17.4 weight percent by weight magnesium, about 50 to about 3000 ppm calcium, and at least one of chromium up to about 0.2 percent by weight, zirconium up to about 0.2 percent by weight and manganese up to about 0.3 percent by weight.

A modified alloy powder includes a powdered alloy; and a carbide powder, mixed in the powdered alloy; wherein the carbide powder has a particle size smaller than that of the powdered alloy, and the carbide powder is dedicated to powder bed selective laser melting and laser metal deposition technology. Being used as a grain refiner and a grain growth inhibitor, the effect of refinement in the grain size of final products and improvement of the workpiece strength can be achieved.

A modified alloy powder includes a powdered alloy; and a carbide powder, mixed in the powdered alloy; wherein the carbide powder has a particle size smaller than that of the powdered alloy, and the carbide powder is dedicated to powder bed selective laser melting and laser metal deposition technology. Being used as a grain refiner and a grain growth inhibitor, the effect of refinement in the grain size of final products and improvement of the workpiece strength can be achieved.

An agent for selective antimony and arsenic removal and tin retaining includes 10-30 wt % of aluminum, 65-85 wt % of calcium, 1-10 wt % of coke powder, and 1-5 wt % of lead powder. According to the content of antimony in lead, the antimony and arsenic removal and tin retaining agent is added to a molten lead which is at a temperature of about 550-650° C. at a certain proportion so as to carry out an antimony and arsenic removal reaction; after the reaction is completed, cooling is carried out, and antimony and arsenic scum is fished out to obtain a molten lead with antimony and arsenic removed; the content of antimony and arsenic is reduced to 0.0005 wt % or less, and the content of tin is substantially unchanged. The production costs for lead alloy preparation are reduced, and no smoke and odor appear in an antimony and arsenic removal reaction process.