A galvannealed steel sheet includes a zinc coating layer containing 7 to 15% Fe on the surface of steel sheet including, C: 0.02% to 0.30%, Si: 0.01% to 2.5%, Mn: 0.1% to 3.0%, P: 0.003% to 0.08%, S: not more than 0.01%, Al: 0.001% to 0.20%, one or more selected from Ti: 0.03% to 0.40%, Nb: 0.001% to 0.2%, V: 0.001% to 0.2%, Mo: 0.01% to 0.5% and W: 0.001% to 0.2%. In the zinc coating layer, carbides with average particle size of 1 nm to 20 nm including one or more selected from titanium, niobium, vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten are present with a density of five or more particles per segment that is defined by the thickness of the coating layer and also by dividing a cross section of the coating layer at intervals of 1 μm in a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the coating layer.

New aluminum alloys having iron, vanadium, silicon, and copper, and with a high volume of ceramic phase therein are disclosed. The new products may include from 3 to 12 wt. % Fe, from 0.1 to 3 wt. % V, from 0.1 to 3 wt. % Si, from 1.0 to 6 wt. % Cu, from 1 to 30 vol. % ceramic phase, the balance being aluminum and impurities. The ceramic phase may be homogenously distributed within the alloy matrix.

A method of making dispersion-strengthened alloy particles involves melting an alloy having a corrosion and/or oxidation resistance-imparting alloying element, a dispersoid-forming element, and a matrix metal wherein the dispersoid-forming element exhibits a greater tendency to react with a reactive species acquired from an atomizing gas than does the alloying element. The melted alloy is atomized with the atomizing gas including the reactive species to form atomized particles so that the reactive species is (a) dissolved in solid solution to a depth below the surface of atomized particles and/or (b) reacted with the dispersoid-forming element to form dispersoids in the atomized particles to a depth below the surface of said atomized particles. The atomized alloy particles are solidified as solidified alloy particles or as a solidified deposit of alloy particles. Bodies made from the dispersion strengthened alloy particles, deposit thereof, exhibit enhanced fatigue and creep resistance and reduced wear as well as enhanced corrosion and/or oxidation resistance at high temperatures by virtue of the presence of the corrosion and/or oxidation resistance imparting alloying element in solid solution in the particle alloy matrix.

A syntactic metal foam composite that is substantially fully dense except for syntactic porosity is formed from a mixture of ceramic microballoons and matrix forming metal. The ceramic microballoons have a uniaxial crush strength and a much higher omniaxial crush strength. The mixture is continuously constrained while it is consolidated. The constraining force is less than the omniaxial crush strength. The substantially fully dense syntactic metal foam composite is then constrained and deformation worked at a substantially constant volume. The deformation working is typically performed at a yield strength that is adjusted by way of selecting a working temperature at which the yield strength is approximately less than the omniaxial crush strength of the included ceramic microballoons. This deformation causes at least work hardening and grain refinement in the matrix metal.

A cutting element includes a polycrystalline diamond layer having a cutting face and a diamond layer side surface, a substrate attached to the polycrystalline diamond layer, the substrate having a bottom surface and a substrate side surface, an interface between the diamond layer and the substrate, and a mask covering at least the bottom surface and the substrate side surface of the cutting element.

Heat pipes and methods of forming heat pipes, such as for use in nuclear reactor systems, are described herein. A representative method of forming a heat pipe includes forming a first wicking structure from a first material and forming a second wicking structure on the first wicking structure. Forming the second wicking structure can include mixing a second material and a third material, and heating the mixture of the second material and the third material to a temperature (a) less than a melting temperature of the second material and (b) greater than a melting temperature of the third material to melt the third material. The method can further include cooling the mixture of the second material and the third material to below the melting temperature of the third material such that the third material solidifies to bond together a plurality of particles of the second material into a porous structure.

An iron-based sintered sliding member is provided in which solid lubricating agent is dispersed uniformly inside of powder particles in addition to inside of pores and particle interfaces of the powder, the agent is strongly fixed, and sliding properties and mechanical strength are superior. The iron-based sintered sliding member contains S: 3.24 to 8.10 mass %, remainder: Fe and inevitable impurities, as an overall composition; the metallic structure includes a ferrite base in which sulfide particles are dispersed, and pores; and the sulfide particles are dispersed at a ratio of 15 to 30 vol % versus the base.

An iron-based sintered sliding member is provided in which solid lubricating agent is dispersed uniformly inside of powder particles in addition to inside of pores and particle interfaces of the powder, the agent is strongly fixed, and sliding properties and mechanical strength are superior. The iron-based sintered sliding member contains S: 3.24 to 8.10 mass %, remainder: Fe and inevitable impurities, as an overall composition; the metallic structure includes a ferrite base in which sulfide particles are dispersed, and pores; and the sulfide particles are dispersed at a ratio of 15 to 30 vol % versus the base.

Provided are an aluminum alloy having an adjusted microstructure in an aluminum matrix or an aluminum alloy matrix for high elongation percentage or high strength and a method of fabricating the same. The aluminum alloy includes an aluminum-based matrix; and a nonmetal element solidified in the aluminum-based matrix, wherein stacking fault energy of the aluminum alloy is decreased compared to that of pure aluminum.

Compositions suitable for use in an electrolytic cell for producing aluminum are provided. The compositions can contain a powder blend of boron oxide, a titanium dioxide, aluminum, and titanium diboride. The powder blend can be compacted into tiles and arranged as a cathode surface. The boron oxide and the titanium dioxide in the tiles can be made to react under low temperature molten aluminum to produce titanium diboride in situ. The reaction yields a dense dimensionally stable wettable cathode substrate that can reduce the power consumption in the aluminum electrowinning process.