A facile method is based on a pack-cementation process using large-area copper foil instead of copper powder. By controlling a pack-cementation time and an amount of alloying element (e.g., aluminum), a hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be created. When coated with tin active material, the hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be used as an advanced lithium-ion battery anode. A coin-cell test exhibited a four-fold higher areal capacity (e.g., 7.4 milliamp-hours per square centimeter without any performance degradation up to 20 cycles) as compared to a traditional graphite anode.

A facile method is based on a pack-cementation process using large-area copper foil instead of copper powder. By controlling a pack-cementation time and an amount of alloying element (e.g., aluminum), a hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be created. When coated with tin active material, the hierarchical microporous or nanoporous copper can be used as an advanced lithium-ion battery anode. A coin-cell test exhibited a four-fold higher areal capacity (e.g., 7.4 milliamp-hours per square centimeter without any performance degradation up to 20 cycles) as compared to a traditional graphite anode.

Provided is a performance controlling method for a high-strength aluminum alloy shell during an ultra-low temperature forming process. The present disclosure greatly improves the performance of an aluminum alloy sheet by applying an ultra-low temperature. The present disclosure cools the aluminum alloy sheet to an ultra-low temperature by using an ultra-low temperature cooling medium, so as to compensate for insufficient hardening caused by insufficient deformation and avoid cracking caused by increased deformation. The present disclosure cools the sheet blank zonally according to a deformation law of a desired curved part, and controls the ultra-low temperature distribution of the sheet blank during forming so as to promote the formation of a substructure in a small-deformation zone. In this way, the present disclosure improves a subsequent age-hardening effect, and corresponding uniformity of microstructure and performance, and effectively solves the problem of non-uniformity due to uneven deformation.

A liquid metal jet supplying molten metal during a direct chill casting operation can be optimized to erode the slurry region of the molten sump, but not the solidified metal, at a rate equal to the casting speed. A model of the erosion of solidifying grains in the slurry region of the molten sump can be non-dimensionalized to be used to generate casting parameters (e.g., optimally sized nozzle openings and optimal molten metal flow rates) that would provide the optimized liquid metal jet during the casting process. An ingot cast using such an optimized liquid metal jet would have improved macrosegregation properties (e.g., reduced macrosegregation or more evenly distributed macrosegregation), such as having ingot solute concentrations varying from the molten metal supply concentration approximately 10% or less or 5% or less across the width or height of the ingot.

A liquid metal jet supplying molten metal during a direct chill casting operation can be optimized to erode the slurry region of the molten sump, but not the solidified metal, at a rate equal to the casting speed. A model of the erosion of solidifying grains in the slurry region of the molten sump can be non-dimensionalized to be used to generate casting parameters (e.g., optimally sized nozzle openings and optimal molten metal flow rates) that would provide the optimized liquid metal jet during the casting process. An ingot cast using such an optimized liquid metal jet would have improved macrosegregation properties (e.g., reduced macrosegregation or more evenly distributed macrosegregation), such as having ingot solute concentrations varying from the molten metal supply concentration approximately 10% or less or 5% or less across the width or height of the ingot.

A sliding-hearing composite material includes a steel supporting layer (10), an intermediate layer (12) based on an aluminum alloy that is free of lead, and a bearing metal layer (14) based on an aluminum alloy that is free of lead, wherein the aluminum alloy of the intermediate layer (12) has a composition having 3.5 to 4.5 wt % copper, 0.1 to 1.5 wt % manganese, 0.1 to 1.5 wt % magnesium, and the usual admissible impurities, the remainder being aluminum, and wherein the aluminum alloy of the bearing mental layer (14) has a composition having wt % tin, 1.0-3.0 wt % nickel, 0.5-1.0 wt % manganese, 0.5-1.0 wt % copper, 0.15-0.25 wt % chromium, 0.1-0.3 wt % vanadium, and the usual admissible impurities, he remainder being aluminum. A sliding bearing element and the use of the sliding-bearing composite material for sliding bearing element, particularly sliding bearing shells, sliding bearing bushes, or thrust washers is also disclosed.

Systems and methods of threading a metal substrate on a rolling mill include receiving a coil of the metal substrate. The method also includes uncoiling the metal substrate from the coil while the coil and guiding the metal substrate to a work stand of the rolling mill with a threading system.

The present disclosure concerns embodiments of aluminum alloy compositions exhibiting superior microstructural stability and strength at high temperatures. The disclosed aluminum alloy compositions comprise particular combinations of components that contribute the ability of the alloys to exhibit improved microstructural stability and hot tearing resistance as compared to conventional alloys. Also disclosed herein are embodiments of methods of making and using the alloys.

The present disclosure concerns embodiments of aluminum alloy compositions exhibiting superior microstructural stability and strength at high temperatures. The disclosed aluminum alloy compositions comprise particular combinations of components that contribute the ability of the alloys to exhibit improved microstructural stability and hot tearing resistance as compared to conventional alloys. Also disclosed herein are embodiments of methods of making and using the alloys.

Disclosed is an aluminum alloy brazing sheet including a core material, a brazing filler material provided on one surface of the core material and formed of an Al—Si based alloy, and a sacrificial anode material provided on the other surface of the core material, the brazing sheet having a thickness of less than 200 μm, wherein the core material includes more than 1.5% by mass and 2.5% or less by mass of Cu, and 0.5 to 2.0% by mass of Mn, with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the sacrificial anode material includes 2.0 to 10.0% by mass of Zn, an Mg content in the sacrificial anode material being restricted to 0.10% or less by mass, with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities, and wherein each of the brazing filler material and the sacrificial anode material has a thickness thereof in a range of 15 to 50 μm, and the total of cladding rates of the brazing filler material and sacrificial anode material is 50% or less.