A low modulus corrosion-resistant alloy is disclosed, and comprises five principal elements, wherein the five principal elements are Zr, Nb, Ti, Mo, and Sn. Experimental data reveal that, samples of the low modulus corrosion-resistant alloy all include following characteristics: hardness of at least 250 HV, Young's modulus less than 100 GPa, yield strength greater than 600 MPa, and critical pitting potential greater than 1.3V. As a result, experimental data have proved that this low modulus corrosion-resistant alloy has a significant potential for application in the manufacture of biomedical articles including medical devices and surgical implants. In addition, this low modulus corrosion-resistant alloy is also suitable for application in the manufacture of various industrially-producible articles, including springs, coils, wires, clamps, fasteners, blades, valves, elastic sheets, spectacle frames, sports equipment, and other high-strength low-modulus corrosion-resistant structural materials.

In various embodiments, a metal alloy resistant to aqueous corrosion consists essentially of or consists of niobium with additions of tungsten, molybdenum, and one or both of ruthenium and palladium.

In various embodiments, a metal alloy resistant to aqueous corrosion consists essentially of or consists of niobium with additions of tungsten, molybdenum, and one or both of ruthenium and palladium.

A thin-walled metal part, and a method to fabricate such a part out of various alloys. A plurality of layers are formed, each of the layers being formed on a polymer template or on a previously formed layer. A homogenizing heat treatment is used to cause chemical elements in the layers to interdiffuse, to form a single continuous layer with a substantially uniform alloy composition.

A spiral timepiece spring with a two-phase structure, made of a niobium and titanium alloy, and method for manufacturing this spring, including: producing a binary alloy containing niobium and titanium, with: niobium: the remainder to 100%; titanium: strictly greater than 60% and less than or equal to 85% by mass of the total, traces of components from among O, H, C, Fe, Ta, N, Ni, Si, Cu, Al; applying deformations alternated with heat treatments until a two-phase microstructure is obtained comprising a solid solution of niobium with β-phase titanium and a solid solution of niobium with α-phase titanium, the α-phase titanium content being greater than 10% by volume, wire drawing to obtain wire able to be calendered; calendering or insertion into a ring to form a mainspring, in a double clef shape before it is wound for the first time, or winding to form a balance spring.

A spiral timepiece spring with a two-phase structure, made of a niobium and titanium alloy, and method for manufacturing this spring, including: producing a binary alloy containing niobium and titanium, with: niobium: the remainder to 100%; titanium: strictly greater than 60% and less than or equal to 85% by mass of the total, traces of components from among O, H, C, Fe, Ta, N, Ni, Si, Cu, Al; applying deformations alternated with heat treatments until a two-phase microstructure is obtained comprising a solid solution of niobium with β-phase titanium and a solid solution of niobium with α-phase titanium, the α-phase titanium content being greater than 10% by volume, wire drawing to obtain wire able to be calendered; calendering or insertion into a ring to form a mainspring, in a double clef shape before it is wound for the first time, or winding to form a balance spring.

Identifying a stable phase of a binary alloy comprising a solute element and a solvent element. In one example, at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the binary alloy are determined, and the stable phase of the binary alloy is identified based on the first thermodynamic parameter and the second thermodynamic parameter, wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase. In different aspects, an enthalpy of mixing of the binary alloy may be calculated as a first thermodynamic parameter, and an enthalpy of segregation of the binary alloy may be calculated as a second thermodynamic parameter. In another example, a diagram delineating a plurality of regions respectively representing different stable phases of at least one binary alloy is employed, wherein respective regions of the plurality of regions are delineated by at least one boundary determined as a function of at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the at least one binary alloy.

Identifying a stable phase of a binary alloy comprising a solute element and a solvent element. In one example, at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the binary alloy are determined, and the stable phase of the binary alloy is identified based on the first thermodynamic parameter and the second thermodynamic parameter, wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase. In different aspects, an enthalpy of mixing of the binary alloy may be calculated as a first thermodynamic parameter, and an enthalpy of segregation of the binary alloy may be calculated as a second thermodynamic parameter. In another example, a diagram delineating a plurality of regions respectively representing different stable phases of at least one binary alloy is employed, wherein respective regions of the plurality of regions are delineated by at least one boundary determined as a function of at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the at least one binary alloy.

The present disclosure relates to a spin-orbit torque-based switching device and a method of fabricating the same. The spin-orbit torque-based switching device of the present disclosure includes a spin torque generating layer provided with a tungsten-vanadium alloy thin film exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) characteristics and a magnetization free layer formed on the spin torque generating layer.

Provided is a tantalum target, wherein, when a direction normal to a rolling surface (ND), which is a cross section perpendicular to a sputtering surface of a target, is observed via an electron backscatter diffraction pattern method, an area ratio of crystal grains of which a {100} plane is oriented in the ND is 30% or more. An object of the present invention is to provide a tantalum sputtering target in which a deposition rate can be appropriately controlled under high-power sputtering conditions. When sputter-deposition is performed using this kind of a tantalum target, it is possible to form a thin film having superior film thickness uniformity and improve the productivity of the thin film formation process, even for micro wiring.