The purpose of the present invention is to provide an alloy product which has both of high corrosion resistance enough to withstand severe corrosive/high-temperature environments and mechanical properties equivalent to or better than those of stainless steel, and which can be produced at lower cost than a Ni-based alloy. The Cr—Fe—Ni-based alloy product of the present invention is a product produced using a Cr—Fe—Ni-based alloy containing Cr as a largest-content component, wherein the product has such a microstructure that a dual-phase structure having a ferrite phase and an austenite phase coexisting therein serves as a matrix phase and an L1.sub.2-type Ni-based intermetallic compound phase is dispersed and precipitated in the austenite phase.

A multicomponent alloy coating is provided. The multicomponent alloy coating includes a hard layer and a plurality of nickel-based particles dispersed in the hard layer. The composition of the multicomponent alloy coating is represented by the following formula (I):
Al.sub.dCo.sub.eCr.sub.gFe.sub.hNi.sub.iSi.sub.jC.sub.kO.sub.m  formula (I), wherein 1<d<2, 0.5<e<0.8, 2<g<3.2, 0.05<h<0.3, 2<i<3, j=1, k≥0, m≥0, and iron is present in the amount of less than 3 wt % of the composition of the multicomponent alloy coating.

A multicomponent alloy coating is provided. The multicomponent alloy coating includes a hard layer and a plurality of nickel-based particles dispersed in the hard layer. The composition of the multicomponent alloy coating is represented by the following formula (I):
Al.sub.dCo.sub.eCr.sub.gFe.sub.hNi.sub.iSi.sub.jC.sub.kO.sub.m  formula (I), wherein 1<d<2, 0.5<e<0.8, 2<g<3.2, 0.05<h<0.3, 2<i<3, j=1, k≥0, m≥0, and iron is present in the amount of less than 3 wt % of the composition of the multicomponent alloy coating.

Nanocrystalline alloy penetrators and related methods are generally provided. In some embodiments, a munition comprises a nanocrystalline alloy penetrator. In certain embodiments, the nanocrystalline alloy has particular properties (e.g., grain size, grain isotropy, mechanical properties) such that the penetrator acts as a rigid body kinetic penetrator.

Nanocrystalline alloy penetrators and related methods are generally provided. In some embodiments, a munition comprises a nanocrystalline alloy penetrator. In certain embodiments, the nanocrystalline alloy has particular properties (e.g., grain size, grain isotropy, mechanical properties) such that the penetrator acts as a rigid body kinetic penetrator.

Identifying a stable phase of a binary alloy comprising a solute element and a solvent element. In one example, at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the binary alloy are determined, and the stable phase of the binary alloy is identified based on the first thermodynamic parameter and the second thermodynamic parameter, wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase. In different aspects, an enthalpy of mixing of the binary alloy may be calculated as a first thermodynamic parameter, and an enthalpy of segregation of the binary alloy may be calculated as a second thermodynamic parameter. In another example, a diagram delineating a plurality of regions respectively representing different stable phases of at least one binary alloy is employed, wherein respective regions of the plurality of regions are delineated by at least one boundary determined as a function of at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the at least one binary alloy.

Identifying a stable phase of a binary alloy comprising a solute element and a solvent element. In one example, at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the binary alloy are determined, and the stable phase of the binary alloy is identified based on the first thermodynamic parameter and the second thermodynamic parameter, wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase. In different aspects, an enthalpy of mixing of the binary alloy may be calculated as a first thermodynamic parameter, and an enthalpy of segregation of the binary alloy may be calculated as a second thermodynamic parameter. In another example, a diagram delineating a plurality of regions respectively representing different stable phases of at least one binary alloy is employed, wherein respective regions of the plurality of regions are delineated by at least one boundary determined as a function of at least two thermodynamic parameters associated with grain growth and phase separation of the at least one binary alloy.

Alloy composition for the manufacture of protective coatings, comprising cobalt, nickel, chromium, aluminum, yttrium and iridium in amounts so as to obtain the phases α, β and σ, in particular for coating a super-alloy article. Preferably, such super-alloy article is a turbine component.

Alloy composition for the manufacture of protective coatings, comprising cobalt, nickel, chromium, aluminum, yttrium and iridium in amounts so as to obtain the phases α, β and σ, in particular for coating a super-alloy article. Preferably, such super-alloy article is a turbine component.

One embodiment is a redox flow battery system that includes an anolyte; a catholyte; an anolyte tank configured for holding at least a portion of the anolyte; a catholyte tank configured for holding at least a portion of the catholyte; a primary redox flow battery arrangement, and a second redox flow battery arrangement. The primary and secondary redox flow battery arrangements share the anolyte and catholyte tanks and each includes a first half-cell including a first electrode in contact with the anolyte, a second half-cell including a second electrode in contact with the catholyte, a separator separating the first half-cell from the second half-cell, an anolyte pump, and a catholyte pump. The peak power delivery capacity of the secondary redox flow battery arrangement is less than the peak power delivery capacity of the primary redox flow battery arrangement.