A redox flow battery system includes an anolyte; a catholyte; a first half-cell including a first electrode in contact with the anolyte; a second half-cell including a second electrode in contact with the catholyte; a separator separating the anolyte in the first half-cell from the catholyte in the second half-cell; at least one state measurement device configured for intermittently, periodically, or continuously making a measurement of a value indicative of a state of charge of the anolyte or the catholyte before entering or after leaving the first half-cell or second half-cell, respectively; and a controller coupled to the at least one state measurement device for generating a temporal energy profile of the anolyte or the catholyte, respectively, using the measurements.

Polycrystalline diamond cutting elements having enhanced thermal stability, drill bits incorporating the same, and methods of making the same are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a cutting element includes a substrate having a metal carbide and a polycrystalline diamond body bonded to the substrate. The polycrystalline diamond body includes a plurality of diamond grains bonded to adjacent diamond grains by diamond-to-diamond bonds and a plurality of interstitial regions positioned between adjacent diamond grains. At least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions comprise lead or lead alloy, a catalyst material, metal carbide, or combinations thereof. At least a portion of the plurality of interstitial regions comprise lead or lead alloy that coat portions of the adjacent diamond grains such that the lead or lead alloy reduces contact between the diamond and the catalyst.

A medical device that is partially or fully formed of a metal alloy; the metal alloy includes one of a) metal alloy that includes at least 15 awt % rhenium, b) at least 60 wt. % tungsten, at least 15 awt % rhenium, and at least 1 wt % molybdenum, c) at least 50 wt. % rhenium, at least 20 wt. % chromium, and 0.1-80 wt. % of an additive, d) greater than 50 wt. % titanium, 15-45 wt. % niobium, 1-10 wt. % zirconium, and 1-15 wt. % tantalum, e) greater than 50 wt. % titanium, 15-45 wt. % niobium, and 1-10 wt. %, f) 30-60 wt. % cobalt, 10-30 wt. % chromium, 5-20 wt. % iron, 5-22 wt. % nickel, and 2-12 wt. % molybdenum, g) 40-60 wt. % zirconium, and 40-60 wt. % molybdenum, h) 90-99.5 wt. % niobium, and 0.5-10 wt. % zirconium, or i) 55-75 wt. % niobium, 18-40 wt. % tantalum, 1-7 wt. % tungsten, and 0.5-4 wt. % zirconium.

A medical device that is partially or fully formed of a metal alloy; the metal alloy includes one of a) metal alloy that includes at least 15 awt % rhenium, b) at least 60 wt. % tungsten, at least 15 awt % rhenium, and at least 1 wt % molybdenum, c) at least 50 wt. % rhenium, at least 20 wt. % chromium, and 0.1-80 wt. % of an additive, d) greater than 50 wt. % titanium, 15-45 wt. % niobium, 1-10 wt. % zirconium, and 1-15 wt. % tantalum, e) greater than 50 wt. % titanium, 15-45 wt. % niobium, and 1-10 wt. %, f) 30-60 wt. % cobalt, 10-30 wt. % chromium, 5-20 wt. % iron, 5-22 wt. % nickel, and 2-12 wt. % molybdenum, g) 40-60 wt. % zirconium, and 40-60 wt. % molybdenum, h) 90-99.5 wt. % niobium, and 0.5-10 wt. % zirconium, or i) 55-75 wt. % niobium, 18-40 wt. % tantalum, 1-7 wt. % tungsten, and 0.5-4 wt. % zirconium.

Exemplary articles may comprise a surface alloyed layer, a base metal comprising a steel, and a transitional layer between the surfaced alloyed layer and the base metal. The surface alloyed layer may comprise nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), silicon (Si), or combinations thereof. Exemplary methods of making an article may comprise coating a portion of a sand mold with a metal slurry, pouring a molten steel alloy onto the sand mold, and removing the article from the sand mold.

Provided are: a wear-resistant member using a Cr-based alloy material in which the cost can be reduced as compared with a Co-based alloy material and has wear resistance superior to that of the conventional Co-based alloy material; and a mechanical device using the wear-resistant member. The present invention is a wear-resistant member using a Cr-based alloy material, in which the Cr-based alloy material includes: more than 40 mass % and 65 mass % or less of Cr; 15 mass % or more and 40 mass % or less of Ni; more than 0 mass % and 30 mass % or less of Fe; 5 mass % or more and 16 mass % or less of Nb; 0.1 mass % or more and 0.9 mass % or less of Ti; 0.6 mass % or more and 2.5 mass % or less of C; 2 mass % or less of Mn; and impurities, and in which a mass ratio Ti/Nb of the Nb and the Ti is 0.063 or less.

Provided are: a wear-resistant member using a Cr-based alloy material in which the cost can be reduced as compared with a Co-based alloy material and has wear resistance superior to that of the conventional Co-based alloy material; and a mechanical device using the wear-resistant member. The present invention is a wear-resistant member using a Cr-based alloy material, in which the Cr-based alloy material includes: more than 40 mass % and 65 mass % or less of Cr; 15 mass % or more and 40 mass % or less of Ni; more than 0 mass % and 30 mass % or less of Fe; 5 mass % or more and 16 mass % or less of Nb; 0.1 mass % or more and 0.9 mass % or less of Ti; 0.6 mass % or more and 2.5 mass % or less of C; 2 mass % or less of Mn; and impurities, and in which a mass ratio Ti/Nb of the Nb and the Ti is 0.063 or less.

A method of making an interconnect for an electrochemical cell stack includes providing the interconnect, and creep flattening the interconnect prior to placing the interconnect into the electrochemical cell stack.

A method of making an interconnect for an electrochemical cell stack includes providing the interconnect, and creep flattening the interconnect prior to placing the interconnect into the electrochemical cell stack.

One embodiment is a redox flow battery system that includes an anolyte; a catholyte; an anolyte tank configured for holding at least a portion of the anolyte; a catholyte tank configured for holding at least a portion of the catholyte; a primary redox flow battery arrangement, and a second redox flow battery arrangement. The primary and secondary redox flow battery arrangements share the anolyte and catholyte tanks and each includes a first half-cell including a first electrode in contact with the anolyte, a second half-cell including a second electrode in contact with the catholyte, a separator separating the first half-cell from the second half-cell, an anolyte pump, and a catholyte pump. The peak power delivery capacity of the secondary redox flow battery arrangement is less than the peak power delivery capacity of the primary redox flow battery arrangement.