A Super Invar alloy includes Ni of 30 to 35 percent by mass, Co of 3 to 6 percent by mass, Ti of 0.02 to 1.0 percent by mass, Mn of 0 to 0.2 percent by mass, an inevitable impurity including S, and the balance Fe. The Super Invar alloy does not include an additive other than Ti and Mn, as an additive. The Super Invar alloy includes the Ni of 32.3 to 32.5 percent by mass, the Co of 4.4 to 5.1 percent by mass, the Ti of 0.02 to 1.0 percent by mass, and the S of 0.007 to 0.1 percent by mass. The Super Invar alloy is an alloy having good high temperature ductility, low hot crack sensitivity, and low thermal expansibility of equal to or lower than 1 ppm/° C. It is applicable to use Zr or Hf instead of Ti.

This hot-rolled steel sheet has a predetermined chemical composition, in which a microstructure contains, by area %, less than 3.0% of residual austenite, 15.0% or more and less than 60.0% of ferrite, and less than 5.0% of pearlite, has a ratio L.sub.60/L.sub.7 of a length L.sub.60 of a grain boundary having a crystal misorientation of 60° to a length L.sub.7 of a grain boundary having a crystal misorientation of 7° about a<110> direction of less than 0.60, has a standard deviation of a Mn concentration of 0.60 mass % or less, and has a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more.

A coated steel member includes: a steel sheet substrate containing, as a chemical composition, by mass %, C: 0.25% to 0.65%, Si: 0.10% to 1.00%, Mn: 0.30% 1.00%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.0100% or less, N: 0.010% or less, Ti: 0.010% to 0.100%, B: 0.0005% to 0.0100%, Nb: 0.02% to 0.10%, Mo: 0.10% to 1.00%, Cu: 0.15% to 1.00%, and Ni: 0.05% to 0.25%; and a coating formed on a surface of the steel sheet substrate and containing Al and Fe. The maximum Cu content in a range from the surface to a depth of 5.0 μm is 150% or more of the Cu content of the steel sheet substrate.

An electric resistance welded steel pipe, and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. An electric resistance welded steel pipe has a welded portion that includes a heat-affected zone having a steel microstructure principally including a bainitic ferrite phase and/or a bainite phase. The steel microstructure at half the wall thickness includes a bainitic ferrite phase and/or a bainite phase in a total area ratio of 90% or more. In the steel microstructure located 1 mm in the wall thickness direction, the bainitic ferrite phase and/or the bainite phase has an average grain size of 20 μm or less. The average grain size of the bainitic ferrite phase and/or the bainite phase located 1 mm in the wall thickness direction is 0.5 times or more and 2 times or less the average grain size of the bainitic ferrite phase and/or the bainite phase at half the wall thickness.

Provided are a motor core having excellent fatigue resistance and a method of manufacturing the motor core at a low cost. The motor core that is an electrical-steel-sheet-stacked body has an outer peripheral surface in which an appearance ratio of recrystallized grains with a grain size of 15 μm or less is 70% or more of a sheet thickness of the motor core.

A steel sheet has a predetermined chemical composition, in which a microstructure in a ¼ width portion, a microstructure in a ½ width portion, and a microstructure in a ¾ width portion, include, by area %, ferrite: 80% or more, martensite: 2% or less, and residual austenite: 2% or less, in which a proportion of unrecrystallized ferrite in the ferrite is 5% to 60%, an average grain size of carbonitrides is 6.0 nm to 30.0 nm, and Expressions (2) to (5) are satisfied.

Δ.sub.SF/μ.sub.SF≤0.10  (2)

Δ.sub.dF/μ.sub.dF≤0.20  (3)

Δ.sub.SUF≤20  (4)

Δ.sub.dC/μ.sub.dC≤0.50  (5)

A high-strength high-elongation tinned primary plate and a double cold reduction method therefor. The tinned primary plate comprises the following components by weight from 0.065 to 0.12% of carbon, from 0.2 to 0.8% of manganese, from 0.003 to 0.015% of nitrogen, the remainder being iron and the inevitable trace impurities. The tinned primary plate is necessarily subjected to double cold reduction at a reduction of 5˜13% and a rolling tension of 50˜100 MPa. The tinned primary plate has a yield strength of Rp.sub.0.2≥520 MPa, and percentage elongations in rolling direction RD, 45° direction and perpendicular direction TD, which are all greater than or equal to 10% after bake-hardening.

A steel sheet includes: a predetermined chemical composition; and a steel structure represented by, in area %, first martensite in which two or more iron carbides each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2 nm to 500 nm are contained in each lath: 20% to 95%, ferrite: 15% or less, retained austenite: 15% or less, and the balance: bainite, or second martensite in which less than two iron carbides each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2 nm to 500 nm are contained in each lath, or the both of these, in which the total area fraction of ND//<111> orientation grains and ND//<100> orientation grains is 40% or less, and the content of solid-solution C is 0.44 ppm or more.

A steel sheet includes: a predetermined chemical composition; and a steel structure represented by, in area %, first martensite in which two or more iron carbides each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2 nm to 500 nm are contained in each lath: 20% to 95%, ferrite: 15% or less, retained austenite: 15% or less, and the balance: bainite, or second martensite in which less than two iron carbides each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 2 nm to 500 nm are contained in each lath, or the both of these, in which the total area fraction of ND//<111> orientation grains and ND//<100> orientation grains is 40% or less, and the content of solid-solution C is 0.44 ppm or more.

A soft magnetic alloy includes a composition of (Fe.sub.(1-(α+β))X1.sub.αX2.sub.β).sub.(1-(a+b+c+d+e+f+g))M.sub.aTi.sub.bB.sub.cP.sub.dSi.sub.eS.sub.fC.sub.g. X1 is one or more of Co and Ni. X2 is one or more of Al, Mn, Ag, Zn, Sn, As, Sb, Cu, Cr, Bi, N, O, and rare earth elements. M is one or more of Nb, Hf, Zr, Ta, Mo, W, and V. 0.020≤a+b≤0.140, 0.001≤b≤0.140, 0.020<c≤0.200, 0.010≤d≤0.150, 0≤e≤0.060, a≥0, f≥0, g≥0, a+b+c+d+e+f+g<1, α≥0, β≥0, and 0≤α+β≤0.50 are satisfied. The soft magnetic alloy has a nanohetero structure or a structure of Fe-based nanocrystalline.