Systems and methods of threading a metal substrate on a rolling mill include receiving a coil of the metal substrate. The method also includes uncoiling the metal substrate from the coil while the coil and guiding the metal substrate to a work stand of the rolling mill with a threading system.

A titanium sheet having a sheet thickness of 0.2 mm or less and including a hardened layer on a surface, the titanium sheet including a chemical composition containing, in mass percent: Fe: 0.001 to 0.08%; and O: 0.03 to 0.08%, wherein a grain size satisfies following Formulas (1) to (3), a thickness of the hardened layer is 0.1 to 2.0 m. The titanium sheet has both a sufficient strength and an excellent workability. Formulas (1) to (3) are d.sub.ave2.5 (1), t/d.sub.ave3.0 (2), and t/d.sub.max1.5 (3), where, in Formulas (1) to (3), t denotes the sheet thickness (m), d.sub.ave denotes an average grain size (m), and d.sub.max denotes a maximum grain size (m).

A titanium sheet having a sheet thickness of 0.2 mm or less and including a hardened layer on a surface, the titanium sheet including a chemical composition containing, in mass percent: Fe: 0.001 to 0.08%; and O: 0.03 to 0.08%, wherein a grain size satisfies following Formulas (1) to (3), a thickness of the hardened layer is 0.1 to 2.0 m. The titanium sheet has both a sufficient strength and an excellent workability. Formulas (1) to (3) are d.sub.ave2.5 (1), t/d.sub.ave3.0 (2), and t/d.sub.max1.5 (3), where, in Formulas (1) to (3), t denotes the sheet thickness (m), d.sub.ave denotes an average grain size (m), and d.sub.max denotes a maximum grain size (m).

An alkali-metal dispenser to dispense highly pure rubidium in a high-vacuum environment while not negatively impacting the high-vacuum pressure level. The alkali-metal dispenser is operable in various vapor-deposition applications or to provide a highly pure elemental-alkali metal in cold-atom magneto-optical traps.

A thermoelectric article and process for producing a thermoelectric article for a thermoelectric conversion device is provided. The thermoelectric article has an overall composition consisting essentially of 6 atom %Ti27 atom %, 6 atom %Zr27 atom %, 0 atom %Hf1.7 atom %, where 28 atom %(Ti+Zr+Hf)38 atom %;

28 atom %Sn38 atom %, 0 atom %Sb3 atom %, where 28 atom %(Sn+Sb)38 atom %; 0 atom %A7 atom %, 0 atom %B7 atom %, where A is Sc, Y and/or La, B is V, Nb and/or Ta and 0.15 atom %A+B7 atom %; the rest being Ni and up to 5 atom % impurities.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a copper alloy foil that achieves both electrical conductivity and heat resistance to solve the above-mentioned problem. It is another object of the present invention to provide a copper alloy foil that, when used for a negative electrode current collector of a secondary battery, exhibits improved adhesion to an active material layer.

A copper alloy foil contains 0.005 to 0.015 wt % of Sn and has an oxygen content of 0.0020 wt % or less, the balance being Cu and inevitable impurities. A Sn-rich layer is formed on at least one surface layer of the copper alloy foil.

A method for manufacturing a golden member includes a first heating step and a second heating step. The first heating step is a step of heating, in the atmosphere of mixed gas including nitrogen gas and water vapor, a raw material member including titanium or a titanium alloy at 670? C. or higher and 730? C. or lower for 150 minutes or more and 200 minutes or less. The second heating step is a step of heating, in the atmosphere of nitrogen gas or in the atmosphere of mixed gas including nitrogen gas and inert gas, the raw material member passing through the first heating step at 670? C. or higher and 730? C. or lower for 30 minutes or more and 120 minutes or less so as to obtain a golden member including titanium or a titanium alloy.

A method for manufacturing a golden member includes a first heating step and a second heating step. The first heating step is a step of heating, in the atmosphere of mixed gas including nitrogen gas and water vapor, a raw material member including titanium or a titanium alloy at 670? C. or higher and 730? C. or lower for 150 minutes or more and 200 minutes or less. The second heating step is a step of heating, in the atmosphere of nitrogen gas or in the atmosphere of mixed gas including nitrogen gas and inert gas, the raw material member passing through the first heating step at 670? C. or higher and 730? C. or lower for 30 minutes or more and 120 minutes or less so as to obtain a golden member including titanium or a titanium alloy.

The present invention provides a corrosion-resistant CuZn alloy, the alloy having a Zn content of from 15 to 55% by mass, the balance being Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein a total content of Zn and Cu is 99.995% by mass or more, and wherein a number of pores is 1/cm.sup.2 or less based on optical microscopic observation.

An aluminum alloy, an aluminum alloy wire, an aluminum alloy stranded wire, a covered electric wire, and a wire harness that are of high toughness and high electrical conductivity, and a method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy wire are provided. The aluminum alloy wire contains not less than 0.005% and not more than 2.2% by mass of Fe, and a remainder including Al and an impurity. It may further contain not less than 0.005% and not more than 1.0% by mass in total of at least one additive element selected from Mg, Si, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Ag, Cr, and Zr. The Al alloy wire has an electrical conductivity of not less than 58% IACS and an elongation of not less than 10%. The Al alloy wire is manufactured through the successive steps of casting, rolling, wiredrawing, and softening treatment. The softening treatment can be performed to provide an excellent toughness such as elongation and impact resistance and thereby reduce fracture of the electric wire in the vicinity of a terminal portion when the wire harness is installed.