A method for heat treating a superalloy component includes heating a superalloy component to a first temperature, cooling the superalloy from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first cooling rate in a furnace, and cooling the superalloy component from the second temperature to a final temperature at a second cooling rate. The second cooling rate is higher than the first cooling rate.

A method for heat treating a superalloy component includes heating a superalloy component to a first temperature, cooling the superalloy from the first temperature to a second temperature at a first cooling rate in a furnace, and cooling the superalloy component from the second temperature to a final temperature at a second cooling rate. The second cooling rate is higher than the first cooling rate.

An austenitic alloy tube subjected to a cold working and an annealing heat treatment contains C: 0.01% to 0.15%, Cr: 10.0% to 40.0%, Ni: 8.0% to 80.0%, in mass %, and has a metallographic structure satisfying the following Expressions (i) to (iii).
Rf1(i)
R=I.sub.220/I.sub.111(ii)
f1=0.28(F.sub.111.sup.8.0/(F.sub.111.sup.8.0+0.35.sup.8.0))(iii) Where, in the above Expressions, R is a ratio of an integrated intensity of {220} to an integrated intensity of {111} on a surface layer which is measured by a grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method, I.sub.220 is the integrated intensity of {220}, I.sub.111 is the integrated intensity of {111}, and F.sub.111 is full width of half maximum of {111} on the surface layer which is measured by the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method.

An austenitic alloy tube subjected to a cold working and an annealing heat treatment contains C: 0.01% to 0.15%, Cr: 10.0% to 40.0%, Ni: 8.0% to 80.0%, in mass %, and has a metallographic structure satisfying the following Expressions (i) to (iii).
Rf1(i)
R=I.sub.220/I.sub.111(ii)
f1=0.28(F.sub.111.sup.8.0/(F.sub.111.sup.8.0+0.35.sup.8.0))(iii) Where, in the above Expressions, R is a ratio of an integrated intensity of {220} to an integrated intensity of {111} on a surface layer which is measured by a grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method, I.sub.220 is the integrated intensity of {220}, I.sub.111 is the integrated intensity of {111}, and F.sub.111 is full width of half maximum of {111} on the surface layer which is measured by the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method.

A multiple-element composite material for negative electrodes, a preparation method therefor, and a lithium-ion battery using tile negative electrode material. The lithium-ion battery uses multiple-element composite material for negative electrodes has a core-shell structure containing multiple shell layers. The inner core consists of graphite and nano-active matter coating the surface of the graphite. The outer layers of the inner core are in order: the first shell layer is of an electrically conductive carbon material, the second shell layer is of a nano-active matter, and the third shell layer is an electrically conductive carbon material coating layer. The multiple-element composite material for negative electrodes of the present invention combines coating processing technology with surface composite modification and coating modification technology to successfully prepare a multiple-element composite material for negative electrodes having a core-shell structure containing multiple shell layers, and allows for high load and high dispersion for the nano-active matter, thereby substantially enhancing the material specific capacity, cycle performance, and initial efficiency. Additionally, the multiple-element composite material for negative electrodes of the present invention has high compacted density and good processing performance. The negative electrode material has simple preparation technique. and low raw material cost, is environmentally friendly, and causes no pollution.

A multiple-element composite material for negative electrodes, a preparation method therefor, and a lithium-ion battery using tile negative electrode material. The lithium-ion battery uses multiple-element composite material for negative electrodes has a core-shell structure containing multiple shell layers. The inner core consists of graphite and nano-active matter coating the surface of the graphite. The outer layers of the inner core are in order: the first shell layer is of an electrically conductive carbon material, the second shell layer is of a nano-active matter, and the third shell layer is an electrically conductive carbon material coating layer. The multiple-element composite material for negative electrodes of the present invention combines coating processing technology with surface composite modification and coating modification technology to successfully prepare a multiple-element composite material for negative electrodes having a core-shell structure containing multiple shell layers, and allows for high load and high dispersion for the nano-active matter, thereby substantially enhancing the material specific capacity, cycle performance, and initial efficiency. Additionally, the multiple-element composite material for negative electrodes of the present invention has high compacted density and good processing performance. The negative electrode material has simple preparation technique. and low raw material cost, is environmentally friendly, and causes no pollution.

Functional materials and methods for making the functional materials are provided. Also provided are methods for utilizing the functional materials in a variety of applications, including catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, and biomedical applications. The functional materials are made from metal alloys via an oxidative dealloying process that selectively removes one or more elements from the metal alloy and converts one or more of the remaining elements into a stable metal-oxygen matrix having a controlled porosity.

Functional materials and methods for making the functional materials are provided. Also provided are methods for utilizing the functional materials in a variety of applications, including catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, and biomedical applications. The functional materials are made from metal alloys via an oxidative dealloying process that selectively removes one or more elements from the metal alloy and converts one or more of the remaining elements into a stable metal-oxygen matrix having a controlled porosity.

A method for heat-treating a titanium alloy, such as Ti-6Al-4V. The method may occur after or include a step of forging the titanium alloy such that localized, highly deformed grains are formed in the titanium alloy. Then the method may include steps of recrystallization annealing the titanium alloy by heating the titanium alloy to a temperature in a range between 30 F. to 200 F. below beta transus of the titanium alloy for 1 hour to 6 hours and then furnace cooling of the titanium alloy to 1200 F. to 1500 F. at a rate of 50 F. to 500 F. per hour. Following the recrystallization annealing, the method may include beta annealing the titanium alloy. These steps may be performed in a single heat treating cycle.

A method for heat-treating a titanium alloy, such as Ti-6Al-4V. The method may occur after or include a step of forging the titanium alloy such that localized, highly deformed grains are formed in the titanium alloy. Then the method may include steps of recrystallization annealing the titanium alloy by heating the titanium alloy to a temperature in a range between 30 F. to 200 F. below beta transus of the titanium alloy for 1 hour to 6 hours and then furnace cooling of the titanium alloy to 1200 F. to 1500 F. at a rate of 50 F. to 500 F. per hour. Following the recrystallization annealing, the method may include beta annealing the titanium alloy. These steps may be performed in a single heat treating cycle.