A welding process involves a fixture for holding a workpiece and a welder, or welding electrode. The fixture imposes ultrasonic vibration on the workpiece. The welder vibrates during vibration, and is operable at a first voltage for welding and a second voltage for peening. The peening may occur while the weldmetal is crystallizing. The welding process may be a process of welding two part as together, or of filling a groove or other feature, or of applying or restoring a surface, or of applying a hard facing or ceramic to a parent metal or object. The weldmetal may be the same, or substantially the same, as the parent metal, or it may be different. The different material may be a ceramic material.

It is an object to provide a method for producing a member for a molten metal bath which is less likely to form minute cracks and pores in a pores-sealing coating film, and to provide a method for producing a member for a molten metal bath which can restrain adhesion of an alloy such as dross. The method for producing a member for a molten metal bath is characterized by applying or spraying, to a cermet thermal spray coating film formed on a base material or an oxide-based ceramic thermal spray coating film formed on a base material, a mixed solution obtained by adding aluminum dihydrogen phosphate and inorganic particles having a layered hexagonal crystal structure to a silica sol solution as a solution for sealing pores of the thermal spray coating film, and firing the mixed solution which is applied or sprayed to the thermal spray coating film.

It is an object to provide a method for producing a member for a molten metal bath which is less likely to form minute cracks and pores in a pores-sealing coating film, and to provide a method for producing a member for a molten metal bath which can restrain adhesion of an alloy such as dross. The method for producing a member for a molten metal bath is characterized by applying or spraying, to a cermet thermal spray coating film formed on a base material or an oxide-based ceramic thermal spray coating film formed on a base material, a mixed solution obtained by adding aluminum dihydrogen phosphate and inorganic particles having a layered hexagonal crystal structure to a silica sol solution as a solution for sealing pores of the thermal spray coating film, and firing the mixed solution which is applied or sprayed to the thermal spray coating film.

An article has a metallic substrate having a plurality of recesses. A first coating is at least at the recesses and has: a splatted layer; and a columnar layer atop the splatted layer. A second coating is away from the recesses and has: a columnar layer atop the substrate without an intervening splatted layer.

An article has a metallic substrate having a plurality of recesses. A first coating is at least at the recesses and has: a splatted layer; and a columnar layer atop the splatted layer. A second coating is away from the recesses and has: a columnar layer atop the substrate without an intervening splatted layer.

Polycrystalline material comprising a plurality of nano-grains of a crystalline phase of an iron group element and a plurality of crystalline grains of material including carbon (C) or nitrogen (N); each nano-grain having a mean size less than 10 nanometres.

A method of applying an additive to an abrasive coated blade tip comprises applying the additive to the abrasive coated blade tip and wicking the additive into the abrasive coated blade tip, wherein the additive is configured to prevent adhesion of an organic component of an abradable seal onto the abrasive coated blade tip.

A method of applying an additive to an abrasive coated blade tip comprises applying the additive to the abrasive coated blade tip and wicking the additive into the abrasive coated blade tip, wherein the additive is configured to prevent adhesion of an organic component of an abradable seal onto the abrasive coated blade tip.

The invention provides processes for the manufacture of conductive transparent films and electronic or optoelectronic devices comprising same.

The invention provides processes for the manufacture of conductive transparent films and electronic or optoelectronic devices comprising same.