Methods of inducing segmented flow in a material in which a ductile flow mode would otherwise occur during machining. A monolayer molecular film is formed on a surface of a body of a material in a state such that the material exhibits ductile flow when subjected to shear. The monolayer molecular film has molecules each having a head group adsorbed to the surface, a terminal group, and a hydrocarbon chain therebetween having a chain length of greater than 6. A surface portion of the body is removed by engaging the body with a tool in a contact region below the surface of the body and moving the tool relative to the body to remove the surface portion and the monolayer molecular film thereon. The monolayer molecular film induces segmented flow in the material during the removing of the surface portion.

Disclosed is a method for surface-modifying titanium alloy, comprising the following steps: carburizing titanium alloy in solid carburizing agent A and solid carburizing agent B, and then performing gas co-infiltration to realize surface modification treatment of titanium alloy; the solid carburizing agent A includes raw materials of charcoal powder a, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, barium acetate, urea and cerium carbonate, and the solid carburizing agent B includes raw materials of charcoal powder b, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate and cerium carbonate; and the gases used in the gas co-infiltration are ammonia, air and acetylene.

Disclosed is a method for surface-modifying titanium alloy, comprising the following steps: carburizing titanium alloy in solid carburizing agent A and solid carburizing agent B, and then performing gas co-infiltration to realize surface modification treatment of titanium alloy; the solid carburizing agent A includes raw materials of charcoal powder a, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, barium acetate, urea and cerium carbonate, and the solid carburizing agent B includes raw materials of charcoal powder b, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate and cerium carbonate; and the gases used in the gas co-infiltration are ammonia, air and acetylene.

Method for producing a mechanically and preferably machined cast iron or grey cast iron surface, in particular on a brake disc, with increased wear and corrosion resistance, characterized in that said surface is subjected to a water jet treatment—usually according to the so-called fluid jet process, which is adjusted so that it completely or at least partially clears the cavities opened by the machining, which contain a graphite inclusion surrounded by the basic structure, so that in the latter case the level of the graphite inclusion lies below the outer surface of the basic structure surrounding the cavity, whereupon a diffusion layer is applied by nitrocarburizing and an oxide layer is applied on the diffusion layer.

Method for producing a mechanically and preferably machined cast iron or grey cast iron surface, in particular on a brake disc, with increased wear and corrosion resistance, characterized in that said surface is subjected to a water jet treatment—usually according to the so-called fluid jet process, which is adjusted so that it completely or at least partially clears the cavities opened by the machining, which contain a graphite inclusion surrounded by the basic structure, so that in the latter case the level of the graphite inclusion lies below the outer surface of the basic structure surrounding the cavity, whereupon a diffusion layer is applied by nitrocarburizing and an oxide layer is applied on the diffusion layer.

The present disclosure appropriately shortens a processing step for processing a substrate in which a silicon layer and a silicon germanium layer are alternatively laminated. The present disclosure provides a substrate processing method of processing the substrate in which the silicon layer and the silicon germanium layer are alternatively laminated, which includes forming an oxide film by selectively modifying a surface layer of an exposed surface of the silicon germanium layer by using a processing gas including fluorine and oxygen and converted into plasma.

A ferritic stainless steel sheet includes a base metal and a nitrided layer that is formed on a surface of the base metal, a chemical composition of the base metal contains, in mass %, C: 0.001 to 0.020%, Si: 0.01 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.01 to 1.50%, P: 0.010 to 0.050%, S: 0.0001 to 0.010%, Cr: 16.0 to 25.0%, N: 0.001 to 0.030%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.30%, and optional elements, with the balance: Fe and unavoidable impurities, a steel microstructure of the base metal includes, in volume ratio, 95% or more of a ferritic phase, the nitrided layer is a layer that is present in a region from a surface of a rolled surface to a 0.05 μm depth position in a sheet thickness direction, and an average nitrogen concentration in the nitrided layer is, in mass %, 0.80% or more.

The present invention provides a method of heat treating a steel component including the sequential steps of: (a) carbonitriding the steel component; (b) quenching the steel component; (c) optionally tempering the steel component; and (d) ferritically nitrocarburizing the steel component.

The invention relates to a carbonitriding facility (IC) which includes: a heating chamber (CC), for heating at least one steel part (PA) to a first temperature, in the presence of a neutral gas and under a selected pressure; a first enriching chamber (CE1) for enriching the heated part with nitrogen, by nitriding same in α-phase at a second temperature no higher than the first temperature; a second enriching chamber (CE2) for enriching the nitrogen-enriched part with carbon, by carburising same at a third temperature higher than the second temperature; a quench chamber (CT) for quenching the nitrogen- and carbon-enriched part under pressure; a transfer airlock (ST) communicating with the chambers and suitable for temporarily receiving the part in a controlled atmosphere; and transfer means (MT) for transfer-ring the part from one chamber to another chamber via the transfer airlock (ST).

The invention relates to a carbonitriding facility (IC) which includes: a heating chamber (CC), for heating at least one steel part (PA) to a first temperature, in the presence of a neutral gas and under a selected pressure; a first enriching chamber (CE1) for enriching the heated part with nitrogen, by nitriding same in α-phase at a second temperature no higher than the first temperature; a second enriching chamber (CE2) for enriching the nitrogen-enriched part with carbon, by carburising same at a third temperature higher than the second temperature; a quench chamber (CT) for quenching the nitrogen- and carbon-enriched part under pressure; a transfer airlock (ST) communicating with the chambers and suitable for temporarily receiving the part in a controlled atmosphere; and transfer means (MT) for transfer-ring the part from one chamber to another chamber via the transfer airlock (ST).