A magnetic component having intermixed first and second regions, and a method of preparing that magnetic component are disclosed. The first region includes a magnetic phase and the second region includes a non-magnetic phase. The method includes mechanically masking pre-selected sections of a surface portion of the component by using a nitrogen stop-off material and heat-treating the component in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere at a temperature greater than about 900 C. Both the first and second regions are substantially free of carbon, or contain only limited amounts of carbon; and the second region includes greater than about 0.1 weight % of nitrogen.

A number of variations may include a ferritically nitrocarburized vehicle component comprising a compound zone and a friction surface at an outer edge of the compound zone wherein the friction surface is configured for engagement with a corresponding friction material, and wherein the compound zone comprises a nitride layer comprising epsilion iron nitride, Fe.sub.3N and gamma prime iron nitride Fe.sub.4N.

A number of variations may include a ferritically nitrocarburized vehicle component comprising a compound zone and a friction surface at an outer edge of the compound zone wherein the friction surface is configured for engagement with a corresponding friction material, and wherein the compound zone comprises a nitride layer comprising epsilion iron nitride, Fe.sub.3N and gamma prime iron nitride Fe.sub.4N.

A deposition apparatus includes a deposition chamber, a deposition source, and a deposition mask. The deposition source is disposed in the deposition chamber and provides a deposition material to a deposition substrate. The deposition mask includes a body portion and a carbon layer. The carbon layer is disposed on a first surface making contact with the deposition mask and includes at least one of carbon nanotube or graphene.

A method of forming metal oxide nanostructures on a metallic material includes applying a hot water process to the metallic material, which includes treating the metallic material with hot water under a treatment condition for a period of time so as to form metal oxide nanostructures on a surface of the metallic material, where the treated metallic material with metal oxide nanostructures under the hot water process has a high surface area that is higher than its pristine surface area of the metallic material. Also, a method of depositing metal oxide nanostructures on a target material includes applying a hot water process to a source metallic material and the target material, which includes treating the source metallic material and the target material with hot water under a treatment condition for a period of time so as to form metal oxide nanostructures on a surface of the target material.

A method for producing high-strength galvannealed steel sheets having excellent workability and fatigue resistance. The method comprises subjecting a steel sheet to an oxidation treatment, the oxidation treatment including heating the steel sheet in an upstream stage at a temperature in the range of 400 C. to 750 C. in an atmosphere having an O.sub.2 concentration of not less than 1000 ppm by volume and a H.sub.2O concentration of not less than 1000 ppm by volume and a downstream stage at a temperature in the range of 600 C. to 850 C. in an atmosphere having an O.sub.2 concentration of less than 1000 ppm by volume and a H.sub.2O concentration of not less than 1000 ppm by volume. The method further comprises subjecting the steel sheet to reducing annealing, hot-dip galvanizing treatment and alloying treatment.

The present invention provides a steel for nitrocarburizing having excellent mechanical workability before nitrocarburizing, and showing excellent fatigue properties after nitrocarburizing, which is suitable for applying in mechanical structural components for automobiles etc. prepared by adjusting the composition so that it contains in mass %, C: 0.01% or more and less than 0.10%, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 0.5% to 3.0%, P: 0.02% or less, S: 0.06% or less, Cr: 0.3% to 3.0%, Mo: 0.005% to 0.4%, V: 0.02% to 0.5%, Nb: 0.003% to 0.15%, Al: 0.005% to 0.2%, and Sb: 0.0005% to 0.02%, and the balance including Fe and incidental impurities, and setting the area ratio of bainite phase to the whole microstructure to more than 50%.

The present invention provides a steel for nitrocarburizing having excellent mechanical workability before nitrocarburizing, and showing excellent fatigue properties after nitrocarburizing, which is suitable for applying in mechanical structural components for automobiles etc. prepared by adjusting the composition so that it contains in mass %, C: 0.01% or more and less than 0.10%, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 0.5% to 3.0%, P: 0.02% or less, S: 0.06% or less, Cr: 0.3% to 3.0%, Mo: 0.005% to 0.4%, V: 0.02% to 0.5%, Nb: 0.003% to 0.15%, Al: 0.005% to 0.2%, and Sb: 0.0005% to 0.02%, and the balance including Fe and incidental impurities, and setting the area ratio of bainite phase to the whole microstructure to more than 50%.

The purpose is providing a vapor deposition mask with high rigidity which can evaporate a uniform thickness film. A vapor deposition mask including a mask body having a main opening, a side surface of the main opening, an upper surface intersecting the side surface, and a lower surface opposing the upper surface, a first insulator contacting the lower surface, and a second insulator contacting the upper and side surfaces, wherein the first insulator includes a first region inside the main opening, and a first opening in the first region, the second insulator includes a second region inside the main opening, and a second opening in the second region, the mask body is sandwiched between the first and second insulators, and one of the first and second insulators includes a region located inside the main opening more centrally than the other and not overlapping with the other and the mask body.

A guiding member, having a body provided with a bore for mounting a mobile element is presented. The body consists of a metallic material. The bore has a surface layer treated against jamming over a diffusion depth of less than or equal to 0.6 mm. The surface layer has a hardness of greater than or equal to 500 Hv1 over a depth of between 5 and 50 ?m.