Some embodiments include a method of forming a conductive structure. A metal-containing conductive material is formed over a supporting substrate. A surface of the metal-containing conductive material is exposed to at least one radical form of hydrogen and to at least one oxidant. The exposure alters at least a portion of the metal-containing conductive material to thereby form at least a portion of the conductive structure. Some embodiments include a conductive structure which has a metal-containing conductive material with a first region adjacent to a second region. The first region has a greater concentration of one or both of fluorine and boron relative to the second region.

Some embodiments include a method of forming a conductive structure. A metal-containing conductive material is formed over a supporting substrate. A surface of the metal-containing conductive material is exposed to at least one radical form of hydrogen and to at least one oxidant. The exposure alters at least a portion of the metal-containing conductive material to thereby form at least a portion of the conductive structure. Some embodiments include a conductive structure which has a metal-containing conductive material with a first region adjacent to a second region. The first region has a greater concentration of one or both of fluorine and boron relative to the second region.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments and particularly relates to a method for integrally modifying a metal workpiece, and a gas guide assembly and an apparatus for modification. The method includes the steps of placing the metal workpiece in a gas stream for modification, and cooling a modified metal workpiece, wherein in the modification step, the gas stream is preheated to a near-modification temperature, and then flows onto a surface of the metal workpiece. The gas guide assembly includes a gas guide pipe, and the relational expression of the length L and the inner radius R of the gas guide pipe is E=LR.sup.2+A, 0A5 cm.sup.3 and 0.3 cm.sup.3E400 cm.sup.3. Through the above-mentioned relational expression, the values of the length and the inner radius of the gas guide pipe may be set, a non-metallic gas can be preheated to a reaction temperature by the gas guide pipe and then discharged, and the discharged gas may maintain a stable temperature and decomposition rate and a suitable flow rate to improve the uniformity of the non-metal permeating treatment of the metal workpiece. The apparatus of the present invention can perform large-batch metal workpiece modification treatment for prefabricated members, and a good metal workpiece modification treatment effect is achieved.

A passivation process for a lithium metal anode includes subjecting lithium metal to a passivation gas having the following composition: two or more gases selected from the group consisting of CO.sub.2, O.sub.2, H.sub.2O, N.sub.2, HC, CO, H, He, F, and SiH.sub.4; and optionally, a noble gas. The passivation gas reacts with the lithium metal to form a passivation layer on the lithium metal that is less than ten microns in depth.

A passivation process for a lithium metal anode includes subjecting lithium metal to a passivation gas having the following composition: two or more gases selected from the group consisting of CO.sub.2, O.sub.2, H.sub.2O, N.sub.2, HC, CO, H, He, F, and SiH.sub.4; and optionally, a noble gas. The passivation gas reacts with the lithium metal to form a passivation layer on the lithium metal that is less than ten microns in depth.