A method of applying a metal comprising titanium to a substrate is disclosed. The method comprises nitriding the surface of metal powder particles comprising titanium by contacting the particles with a first gas comprising nitrogen in a fluidized bed reactor, and depositing the metal powder particles onto the substrate with cold spray deposition using a second gas.

Method for producing direct reduced metal material, comprising the steps: a) charging metal material (142) to be reduced into a furnace space (120); b) providing heat and a reducing gas into the furnace space (120), so that heated reducing gas heats the charged metal material (142) to a temperature high enough so that metal oxides present in the charged metal material (142) are reduced, in turn causing water vapour to be formed; and c) condensing and collecting the water vapour formed in step c in a condenser (280); The method is characterised in that, in step a), the metal material (142) is charged onto a gas-permeable floor (151), in that the reducing gas is circulated in a closed loop upwards through said floor (151), through the charged metal material (142), and further via said condenser (280) and a gas forced circulation device (250), and in that the method further comprises the step d) supplying additional reducing gas to achieve and/or maintain a predetermined pressure in said furnace space (120). The invention also relates to a system.

Method and system for producing direct reduced metal material, comprising the steps: a) charging metal material to be reduced into a furnace space (120); b) evacuating an existing atmosphere from the furnace space to achieve a gas pressure of less than 1 bar therein, c) providing heat and hydrogen gas into the furnace space, so that heated hydrogen gas heats the charged metal material to a temperature high enough so that metal oxides present in the metal material are reduced, in turn causing water vapour to be formed, which hydrogen gas provision is performed so that a pressure of more than 1 bar builds up inside the furnace space; and d) before evacuating the built up overpressure, condensing and collecting the water vapour formed in step c in a condenser (160) below the charged metal material. The invention is characterised in that it further comprises the step e) before evacuating the build up overpressure, providing a carbon-containing gas to the furnace space, so that the heated and reduced metal material is carburized by said carbon-containing gas.

A method for treating a part made of ferrous metal includes a nitriding operation forming on the part a combination layer having a thickness of between 5 and 30 μm, and a diffusion region, arranged beneath and in contact with the combination layer, having a thickness of between 100 μm and 500 μm. The method also includes an operation of quenching the part by high-frequency induction, over an induction depth that is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, thereby hardening the part. The resulting part has a surface hardness greater than or equal to 50 HRC, a hardness of the combination layer greater than or equal to 400 HV0.05, and a hardness of the part greater than or equal to 500 HV0.05 at a depth of 500 μm. The high-frequency induction quenching operation is performed without the application of a protective film on the part prior to the induction quenching operation.

A method for treating a part made of ferrous metal includes a nitriding operation forming on the part a combination layer having a thickness of between 5 and 30 μm, and a diffusion region, arranged beneath and in contact with the combination layer, having a thickness of between 100 μm and 500 μm. The method also includes an operation of quenching the part by high-frequency induction, over an induction depth that is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, thereby hardening the part. The resulting part has a surface hardness greater than or equal to 50 HRC, a hardness of the combination layer greater than or equal to 400 HV0.05, and a hardness of the part greater than or equal to 500 HV0.05 at a depth of 500 μm. The high-frequency induction quenching operation is performed without the application of a protective film on the part prior to the induction quenching operation.

A non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, in wt%, Si: 2.2 to 4.5 %, Mn: 0.5 % or less (excluding 0 %), AI: 0.001 to 0.5 %, Sn: 0.07 to 0.25 %, and N: 0.0010 to 0.0090 %, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.

A surface layer portion existing in an inner direction from a surface of the steel sheet and a central portion existing inside the surface layer portion are included, and the central portion includes N at 0.005 wt% or less, and the surface layer portion further includes N at 0.001 wt% or more compared to the central portion; and the surface layer portion has an average grain size of 60 .Math.m or less, while the central portion has an average grain size of 70 to 300 .Math.m.

A non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, in wt%, Si: 2.2 to 4.5 %, Mn: 0.5 % or less (excluding 0 %), AI: 0.001 to 0.5 %, Sn: 0.07 to 0.25 %, and N: 0.0010 to 0.0090 %, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.

A surface layer portion existing in an inner direction from a surface of the steel sheet and a central portion existing inside the surface layer portion are included, and the central portion includes N at 0.005 wt% or less, and the surface layer portion further includes N at 0.001 wt% or more compared to the central portion; and the surface layer portion has an average grain size of 60 .Math.m or less, while the central portion has an average grain size of 70 to 300 .Math.m.

A cold-rolled flat steel product for packaging materials has a thickness of less than 0.6 mm, which has been cold-rolled from steel along a rolling direction (0°) and which has an excellent isotropy with respect to its mechanical properties.

A cold-rolled flat steel product for packaging materials has a thickness of less than 0.6 mm, which has been cold-rolled from steel along a rolling direction (0°) and which has an excellent isotropy with respect to its mechanical properties.

Methods of hardening a case-nitrided metal article, methods of producing a hardened case-nitrided metal article, and hardened case-nitrided metal articles. The methods of hardening a case-nitrided metal article include heating the case-nitrided metal article to an aging temperature, maintaining the case-nitrided metal article at the aging temperature for an aging time, and cooling the case-nitrided metal article from the aging temperature. The methods of producing a hardened case-nitrided metal article include case-nitriding a metal article to produce a case-nitrided metal article and subsequently hardening the case-nitrided metal article. The hardened case-nitrided metal article comprises a body formed of a metal or a metal alloy, a surface surrounding the body, and a nitrided case layer formed in the body and extending inwardly from the surface of the body toward the core that includes a hardness that is greater than that of an otherwise equivalent case-nitrided metal article.