Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

The invention relates to a method for producing a nickel aluminide coating on a metal substrate. The method includes the following steps: a) coating the substrate with a nickel deposit; b) applying an aluminum sheet onto the nickel deposit from step a) so as to form an assembly made up of the substrate coated with the nickel deposit and the aluminum sheet; and c) subjecting said assembly to heat treatment at a temperature that is lower than the melting point of aluminum, and at a low pressure so as to induce a reaction between the aluminum and the nickel and thus form a -NiAl nickel aluminide layer mounted on a nickel layer. The invention is particularly of use for protecting the materials used in turbines of aircraft engines.

The invention relates to a method for producing a nickel aluminide coating on a metal substrate. The method includes the following steps: a) coating the substrate with a nickel deposit; b) applying an aluminum sheet onto the nickel deposit from step a) so as to form an assembly made up of the substrate coated with the nickel deposit and the aluminum sheet; and c) subjecting said assembly to heat treatment at a temperature that is lower than the melting point of aluminum, and at a low pressure so as to induce a reaction between the aluminum and the nickel and thus form a -NiAl nickel aluminide layer mounted on a nickel layer. The invention is particularly of use for protecting the materials used in turbines of aircraft engines.

A surface-treated metal plate including: a metal plate; and a nickel-cobalt binary alloy layer formed on the metal plate. When a part having a content ratio of oxygen atoms of 5 atomic % or more as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis is an oxide coating film, the nickel-cobalt binary alloy layer contains the oxide coating film with a thickness of 0.5 to 30 nm on a surface thereof, and when a pressure cooker test including temperature increasing, retention for 72 hours under a water-vapor atmosphere at a temperature of 105 C. and a relative humidity of 100% RH, and temperature decreasing is performed, the amount of increase in the thickness of the oxide coating film is 28 nm or less.

A coating system for a surface of a superalloy component is provided. The coating system includes a MCrAlY coating on the surface of the superalloy component, where M is Ni, Fe, Co, or a combination thereof. The MCrAlY coating generally has a higher chromium content than the superalloy component. The MCrAlY coating also includes a platinum-group metal aluminide diffusion layer. The MCrAlY coating includes Re, Ta, or a mixture thereof. Methods are also provided for forming a coating system on a surface of a superalloy component.

A coating system for a surface of a superalloy component is provided. The coating system includes a MCrAlY coating on the surface of the superalloy component, where M is Ni, Fe, Co, or a combination thereof. The MCrAlY coating generally has a higher chromium content than the superalloy component. The MCrAlY coating also includes a platinum-group metal aluminide diffusion layer. The MCrAlY coating includes Re, Ta, or a mixture thereof. Methods are also provided for forming a coating system on a surface of a superalloy component.

A plated steel sheet including an alloy plating layer formed on a surface of the steel sheet consisting of, in mass %, Cr: 5 to 91%, Fe: 0.5 to 10%, and the balance: Ni and unavoidable impurities, the Ni concentration gradually decreases from an outermost surface of the alloy plating layer to a side of the steel sheet, Ni/Cr>1 in an area extending 300 nm or more from the outermost surface of the alloy plating layer, the Fe concentration in the alloy plating layer gradually decreases from the side of the steel sheet to the outermost surface, the Fe concentration in the outermost surface 0.5% or less, the total thickness of an alloy layer formed in the alloy plating layer and containing Cr and Fe is 500 to 2000 nm, and the total amount of the alloy plating layer deposited to the steel sheet is 4.5 to 55.5 g/m.sup.2.

A method for manufacturing a gun barrel with a cold spray process. The method includes the use of a mandrel having a tubular body and being made of a material with properties suited to use with gun barrel manufacture and materials and cold spray processes. The gun barrel includes a liner, one or more structural layers and an outer jacket. The mandrel is dissolved in a chemical process during manufacture of the gun barrel.