A transparent electrode with a transparent substrate and a composite layer disposed thereon, wherein the composite layer includes a graphene layer and a plurality of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are embedded in the graphene layer and extend through a thickness of the graphene layer, and wherein the plurality of nanoparticles are in direct contact with the transparent substrate and a gap is present between the graphene layer and the transparent substrate.

A method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure is provided. The method includes a III-V semiconductor device in a first region of a base substrate and a further device in a second region of the base substrate. The method includes: (a) obtaining a base substrate comprising the first region and the second region, different from the first region; (b) providing a buffer layer over a surface of the base substrate at least in the first region, wherein the buffer layer comprises at least one monolayer of a first two-dimensional layered crystal material; (c) forming, over the buffer layer in the first region, and not in the second region, a III-V semiconductor material; and (d) forming, in the second region, at least part of the further device. A semiconductor structure is also provided.

A body of an electrostatic chuck comprises mesas disposed on a polished surface of the body. Each of the mesas comprises an adhesion layer disposed on the polished surface of the body, a transition layer disposed over the adhesion layer, and a coating layer disposed over the transition layer. The coating layer has a hardness of at least 14 Gpa. The body further comprises a sidewall coating disposed over a sidewall of the body. A method for preparing the body comprises polishing the surface of the body and cleaning the polished surface. The method further comprises depositing the mesas by depositing the adhesion layer on the body, the transition layer over the adhesion layer, and the coating layer over the transition layer. Further, the method includes, polishing the mesas.

A method of processing a substrate that includes: loading the substrate in a processing system, the substrate including a metal having a metal surface and a first dielectric material having a dielectric material surface, the metal surface and the dielectric material surface being at the same level; etching the metal to form a recessed metal surface below the dielectric material surface; selectively forming a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the recessed metal surface using a spin-on process; and depositing a dielectric film including a second dielectric material on the dielectric material surface.

The formation of a tungsten film is promoted when forming the tungsten film using tungsten chloride on an upper layer side of a titanium silicon nitride film. A titanium silicon nitride film is formed on one surface side of a semiconductor wafer as a substrate, and an intermediate film for promoting the formation of the tungsten film made of the tungsten chloride is formed on the upper layer side of the titanium silicon nitride film by using a gas for forming the intermediate film. The tungsten film is formed on an upper layer side of the intermediate film by using a gas of the tungsten chloride.

Provided herein are methods and apparatuses for filling features metal-containing materials. One aspect of the disclosure relates to a method for filling structures with a metal-containing material, the method including: providing a structure to be filled with a metal-containing material, exposing the structure to multiple deposition cycles, with each deposition cycle including exposure to one or more alternating reducing agent (e.g. hydrogen (H2)) dose/inert gas purge pulses pulse followed by exposure to one or more alternating metal precursor dose pulses and inert gas purge pulses. The metal may be tungsten (W) or molybdenum (Mo) in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the structure is a partially fabricated (3-D) NAND structure. Apparatuses to perform the methods are also provided.

Provided herein are methods and apparatuses for filling features metal-containing materials. One aspect of the disclosure relates to a method for filling structures with a metal-containing material, the method including: providing a structure to be filled with a metal-containing material, exposing the structure to multiple deposition cycles, with each deposition cycle including exposure to one or more alternating reducing agent (e.g. hydrogen (H2)) dose/inert gas purge pulses pulse followed by exposure to one or more alternating metal precursor dose pulses and inert gas purge pulses. The metal may be tungsten (W) or molybdenum (Mo) in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the structure is a partially fabricated (3-D) NAND structure. Apparatuses to perform the methods are also provided.

Systems and method for producing graphene on a substrate are described. Certain types of exemplar systems include lateral arrangements of a substrate gas scavenging environment and an annealing environment. Certain other types of exemplar systems include lateral arrangements of a graphene producing environment and a cooling environment, which cools the graphene produced on the substrate. Yet other types of exemplar systems include lateral arrangements of a localized annealing environment, localized graphene producing environment and a localized cooling environment inside the same enclosure.

Certain type of exemplar methods for producing graphene on a substrate include scavenging a first portion of the substrate and preferably, contemporaneously annealing a second portion of the substrate. Certain other type of exemplar methods for producing graphene include novel annealing techniques and/or implementing temperature profiles and gas flow rate profiles that vary as a function of lateral distance and/or cooling graphene after producing it.

Methods and systems for cleaning and treating a surface of a substrate. An exemplary method includes providing a substrate comprising a gap comprising a metal oxide and a dielectric material within a reaction chamber, and using a thermal process to selectively remove the metal oxide. Exemplary methods can further include a step of depositing a metal-containing material within the gap to at least partially fill the gap and using a direct plasma and treating a surface of the metal-containing material to remove oxygen from the surface of the metal-containing material. Exemplary systems can perform the methods.

The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for depositing a conductive layer on another conductive layer of a substrate. The method comprises providing the substrate comprising the first conductive layer in a reaction chamber, providing a cleaning agent comprising a metal halide into the reaction chamber in a vapor phase to clean the substrate and providing a second material precursor into the reaction chamber in a vapor phase to deposit the second conductive layer on the first conductive layer. The disclosure further relates to a method of forming a semiconductor structure and to a semiconductor processing assembly.