A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a steel sheet 1; an intermediate layer 4 containing Si and O, arranged on the steel sheet; and an insulation coating 3 arranged on the intermediate layer 4, in which the intermediate layer 4 contains a metal phosphide 5, a thickness of the intermediate layer 4 is 4 nm or more, and an abundance of the metal phosphide 5 present is 1% to 30% by cross-sectional area fraction in a cross section of the intermediate layer 4.

Disclosed is a copper alloy article including: a substrate 10 made of a copper alloy; a polyester-based resin body 40; and a compound layer 20 for bonding the substrate 10 and the polyester-based resin body 40, wherein the compound layer 20 contains; a compound having a nitrogen-containing functional group and a silanol group, and an alkane type amine-based silane coupling agent.

Disclosed is a copper alloy article including: a substrate 10 made of a copper alloy; a polyester-based resin body 40; and a compound layer 20 for bonding the substrate 10 and the polyester-based resin body 40, wherein the compound layer 20 contains; a compound having a nitrogen-containing functional group and a silanol group, and an alkane type amine-based silane coupling agent.

Provided is a zinc-based plated steel sheet having a post-treated coating filmed thereon including: a steel sheet; a zinc plated layer formed on the steel sheet; and a post-treated coating formed on the plated layer, wherein the atomic ratio (O/M) of oxygen (O) to metals (M) contained in the post-treated coating is greater than 2 and less than 20, and a method for post-treating a zinc-based plated steel sheet. According to this, the zinc-based plated steel sheet having the post-treated coating formed thereon has the effects excellent in lubricity, weldability, adhesiveness, film-removing property and paintability. As the method of post-treating a zinc-based plated steel sheet of the present invention employs a simple coating method irrespective of the kind of plating layer, the process is simple and economical and the process operation cost is low.

This Sn-plated steel sheet includes: a base plated steel sheet having a steel sheet, and a Sn-plated layer on at least one surface of the steel sheet; and a film layer which contains a zirconium oxide and a tin oxide and is positioned on the base plated steel sheet. An adhesion amount of Sn per surface of the Sn-plated steel sheet is 0.1 g/m.sup.2 or more and 15 g/m.sup.2 or less, an amount of the zirconium oxide in the film layer is in a range of 1 mg/m.sup.2 or more and 30 mg/m.sup.2 or less in terms of an amount of metal Zr, a peak position of a binding energy of Sn3d.sub.5/2 of the tin oxide by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the film layer is within a range of 1.4 eV or more and less than 1.6 eV from a peak position of a binding energy of metal Sn, and a quantity of electricity required for reduction of the tin oxide is in a range of more than 5.0 mC/cm.sup.2 and 20 mC/cm.sup.2 or less.

Provided are a hydrophilic aluminum surface body having a hybrid nanostructure and a manufacturing method thereof. The hydrophilic aluminum surface body includes an aluminum substrate; and a nanopattern including a hybrid nanostructure formed on a surface of the aluminum substrate, wherein the hybrid nanostructure includes nanoparticles and a plurality of nanoflakes around the nanoparticles. According to the manufacturing method of the hydrophilic aluminum surface body, hydrophobic aluminum may be artificially prepared as hydrophilic or superhydrophilic aluminum due to a small contact angle, and large-area and mass production is possible and the method is eco-friendly.

Provided are a hydrophilic aluminum surface body having a hybrid nanostructure and a manufacturing method thereof. The hydrophilic aluminum surface body includes an aluminum substrate; and a nanopattern including a hybrid nanostructure formed on a surface of the aluminum substrate, wherein the hybrid nanostructure includes nanoparticles and a plurality of nanoflakes around the nanoparticles. According to the manufacturing method of the hydrophilic aluminum surface body, hydrophobic aluminum may be artificially prepared as hydrophilic or superhydrophilic aluminum due to a small contact angle, and large-area and mass production is possible and the method is eco-friendly.

Disclosed is a system for maintaining a pretreatment bath containing a pretreatment comprising a Group IVB metal. The system comprises an aqueous reducing agent comprising a metal cation and a latent source of sulfate which, upon reaction with a contaminant in the pretreatment bath, forms a metal sulfate. The contaminant comprises a nitrite source. The metal sulfate salt has a pKsp of 4.5 to 11 at a temperature of 25 C. Also disclosed is a method for maintaining a pretreatment bath containing a pretreatment composition comprising a Group IVB metal. The method comprises supplying the reducing agent to the pretreatment bath in an amount sufficient to reduce a pollution ratio of the pretreatment bath to less than 1:1. Also disclosed are substrates with a pretreatment bath maintained according to the system and method.

The coating film-forming composition is a solution of pH 4 to 10 and includes an aromatic compound having an amino group and an aromatic ring in one molecule, a polybasic acid having two or more carboxy groups, and an oxidizing agent. As the oxidizing agent, hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, chloric acid, perchloric acid, persulfuric acid, percarbonic acid, hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, or the like is used. The aromatic compound preferably contains a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring, and more preferably contains a primary amino group or a secondary amino group. The coating film-forming composition is used for, for example, forming a coating film on surface of a metal member.

The coating film-forming composition is a solution of pH 4 to 10 and includes an aromatic compound having an amino group and an aromatic ring in one molecule, a polybasic acid having two or more carboxy groups, and an oxidizing agent. As the oxidizing agent, hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, chloric acid, perchloric acid, persulfuric acid, percarbonic acid, hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, or the like is used. The aromatic compound preferably contains a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring, and more preferably contains a primary amino group or a secondary amino group. The coating film-forming composition is used for, for example, forming a coating film on surface of a metal member.