Disclosed herein is an aqueous composition having a pH value at 55° C. in the range from 5 to 9, containing at least one different amino organophosphonic acid derivatives of formula (I)

##STR00001##

where residues R independently of each other are CH.sub.2—PO(OR″).sub.2, residues R′ independently of each other are alkylene residues with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, residues R″ independently of each other are H, Na, K, Li or NH.sub.4; and n is an integer from 0 to 4; and at least one copolymer, which is water-soluble or water-dispersible Further disclosed herein are a concentrate to produce such compositions, a pickling method for pickling metallic substrates making use of the compositions, a coating method for coating metallic substrates including the pickling method and a method of using the compositions for pickling metallic substrates.

A sealing process includes impregnating an oxide layer of an anodized metal with a corrosion inhibitor by contacting the oxide layer with a first corrosion inhibitor solution at a first temperature and sealing the impregnated oxide layer of an anodized metal by contacting the impregnated oxide layer with a second corrosion inhibitor solution at a second temperature, wherein the first corrosion inhibitor solution has a corrosion inhibitor concentration greater than the second corrosion inhibitor solution and the first temperature is less than the second temperature.

A sealing process includes impregnating an oxide layer of an anodized metal with a corrosion inhibitor by contacting the oxide layer with a first corrosion inhibitor solution at a first temperature and sealing the impregnated oxide layer of an anodized metal by contacting the impregnated oxide layer with a second corrosion inhibitor solution at a second temperature, wherein the first corrosion inhibitor solution has a corrosion inhibitor concentration greater than the second corrosion inhibitor solution and the first temperature is less than the second temperature.

A process for anticorrosion treatment of a metallic surface, including bringing the surface into successive contact with the an alkaline or acidic cleaner composition, a first rinsing composition, optionally a second rinsing composition, an acidic conversion composition, optionally a third rinsing composition, and a composition including a (meth)acrylate- and/or epoxide-based cathodic electrophoretic coating. At least one of the compositions includes at least one compound of the formula R.sup.1O—(CH.sub.2).sub.x—Z—(CH.sub.2).sub.y—OR.sup.2. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, H or an HO—(CH.sub.2).sub.w— group with w≥2. X and y are each, independently of one another, from 1 to 4 and Z is an S atom or a C—C triple bond. An aqueous composition for reducing corrosive removal of material in anticorrosion treatment of metallic surfaces is disclosed.

A process for anticorrosion treatment of a metallic surface, including bringing the surface into successive contact with the an alkaline or acidic cleaner composition, a first rinsing composition, optionally a second rinsing composition, an acidic conversion composition, optionally a third rinsing composition, and a composition including a (meth)acrylate- and/or epoxide-based cathodic electrophoretic coating. At least one of the compositions includes at least one compound of the formula R.sup.1O—(CH.sub.2).sub.x—Z—(CH.sub.2).sub.y—OR.sup.2. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, H or an HO—(CH.sub.2).sub.w— group with w≥2. X and y are each, independently of one another, from 1 to 4 and Z is an S atom or a C—C triple bond. An aqueous composition for reducing corrosive removal of material in anticorrosion treatment of metallic surfaces is disclosed.

Described herein is an improved method for applying silane-based coatings to solid surfaces, in particular metal surfaces. Also described herein are a silane-containing composition, a solid surface, in particular a metal surface, including a silane-based coating, and a method of using the silane-based coating in the transportation industry or in electrically conductive assembling.

A method for treating and phosphatizing a metal board without using acid includes the following steps: performing a degreasing step to remove grease and dirt from a surface of the metal board with a degreasing agent; performing a blast-peening step by blasting and peening polygon blast-peening granules on the metal board through a centrifugal impeller to remove an oxidized layer; performing a washing step to clean remaining powders from the metal board after the blast-peening step; performing a phosphatizing step to form a protective phosphate coating on the metal board; performing another washing step to wash off remaining phosphatizing agents from the metal board; performing a rustproofing step to apply a rustproofing agent on the metal board; and performing a drying step to dry the metal board.

To provide a technology for performing surface treatment on rolling elements without leaving undyed portions or scratches.

A rolling element jig that is a jig to be used when surface treatment is performed on a rolling element, the rolling element jig including a jig main body having a contact surface in contact with a surface of the rolling element, wherein the contact surface includes a first contact surface and a second contact surface that are disposed at opposite positions in the jig main body and support the rolling element at two points, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface are formed as curved surfaces.

To provide a technology for performing surface treatment on rolling elements without leaving undyed portions or scratches.

A rolling element jig that is a jig to be used when surface treatment is performed on a rolling element, the rolling element jig including a jig main body having a contact surface in contact with a surface of the rolling element, wherein the contact surface includes a first contact surface and a second contact surface that are disposed at opposite positions in the jig main body and support the rolling element at two points, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface are formed as curved surfaces.

A method (400) for applying a coating to a substrate (124) includes spraying (414) an aluminum-based coating layer (120) on the substrate. The coating layer is then infiltrated (420) with an aqueous solution (610). The solution comprises: a source of chromium; and potassium hexafluorozirconate.