The present disclosure provides methods for forming sol-gels, sol-gel films and substrates, such as vehicle components, having a sol-gel film disposed thereon. At least one method of forming a sol-gel includes mixing a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and an organic solvent to form a first mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the first mixture. The method includes mixing an organosilane with the first mixture to form a second mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the second mixture.

The present disclosure provides methods for forming sol-gels, sol-gel films and substrates, such as vehicle components, having a sol-gel film disposed thereon. At least one method of forming a sol-gel includes mixing a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and an organic solvent to form a first mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the first mixture. The method includes mixing an organosilane with the first mixture to form a second mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the second mixture.

Provided are bismuth conversion coating compositions that deposit bismuth conversion coatings on a variety of metal substrates, methods of making bismuth conversion coating compositions, methods of depositing bismuth conversion coatings on metal substrates and articles of manufacture having metal surfaces comprising a bismuth conversion coating.

Provided are bismuth conversion coating compositions that deposit bismuth conversion coatings on a variety of metal substrates, methods of making bismuth conversion coating compositions, methods of depositing bismuth conversion coatings on metal substrates and articles of manufacture having metal surfaces comprising a bismuth conversion coating.

A neutralizer, destainer/descaling, and passivating composition and methods of using the same on metal surfaces are disclosed. The compositions are particularly well suited for the treatment of health care surfaces and other hard surfaces in need of treatment. In particular, the neutralizer, destainer/descaling, and passivating composition is an acid-based composition for use in instrument reprocessing.

A method includes providing an electrically conductive mandrel having an outer surface layer comprising a preformed pattern. The metallic article is electroformed. The metallic article includes a plurality of electroformed elements formed in the preformed pattern on the outer surface layer of the mandrel. The plurality of electroformed elements have a first side adjacent to the outer surface layer of the mandrel and a second side. The metallic article is separated from the mandrel. The plurality of electroformed elements are interconnected such that the metallic article forms a unitary, free-standing piece. A solution is applied to create a blackening of the first side of the plurality of electroformed elements.

A precise and efficient cold-extrusion forming method for an unsymmetrical ferrule blank, comprising pipe-cutting blanking, surface phosphorus saponification treatment, ferrule cold-extrusion forming, and turning post-treatment. In the step of surface phosphorus saponification treatment, firstly, shot blasting pretreatment is performed on the surface of a ferrule blank by using a shot blasting machine; and then, the process steps of washing, phosphorization, washing, saponification, and drying are completed in sequence. In the step of ferrule cold-extrusion forming, automatic material feed is performed by using an automatic feeding machine, and the material is conveyed to a cold-extrusion punch press for cold-extrusion. The method features low equipment investment cost, short technological process, and low energy consumption.

Provided is a technique that can produce a hot dip Zn—Al—Mg-based alloy coated steel product with a good plating appearance, without the need for heating of a steel product prior to immersion in a hot dip plating bath. Flux (11) for hot dip Zn—Al—Mg-based alloy plating contains: ZnCl.sub.2; and a low-reactive chloride which has low reactivity with respect to Mg in a plating bath and contains at least two chlorides selected from the compound group consisting of alkali metal chlorides and alkaline-earth metal chlorides, and a composition of the ZnCl.sub.2 and the low-reactive chloride is adjusted so that a liquidus temperature of the flux is 450° C. or lower.

The present disclosure provides methods for forming sol-gels, sol-gel films and substrates, such as vehicle components, having a sol-gel film disposed thereon. At least one method of forming a sol-gel includes mixing a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and an organic solvent to form a first mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the first mixture. The method includes mixing an organosilane with the first mixture to form a second mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the second mixture.

The present disclosure provides methods for forming sol-gels, sol-gel films and substrates, such as vehicle components, having a sol-gel film disposed thereon. At least one method of forming a sol-gel includes mixing a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and an organic solvent to form a first mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the first mixture. The method includes mixing an organosilane with the first mixture to form a second mixture having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the second mixture.