The subject-matter of the present invention is a method and an apparatus for collectively treating the surfaces of a plurality of objects.

An apparatus for the implementation of a process for the continuous manufacturing of steel strips for packaging coated with a passivation layer is provided. An apparatus contains a transfer roller; a coating roller contacting the transfer roller, a surface of the coating roller having a plurality of hexagonally shaped cells with a line count being from 50 to 200 lines per centimeter and a volume being from 5.Math.10.sup.−6 to 10.Math.10.sup.−6 m.sup.3 per square meter of the coating roller surface; and a tank containing an aqueous passivation solution, the tank providing the aqueous passivation solution to the coating roller.

An apparatus for the implementation of a process for the continuous manufacturing of steel strips for packaging coated with a passivation layer is provided. An apparatus contains a transfer roller; a coating roller contacting the transfer roller, a surface of the coating roller having a plurality of hexagonally shaped cells with a line count being from 50 to 200 lines per centimeter and a volume being from 5.Math.10.sup.−6 to 10.Math.10.sup.−6 m.sup.3 per square meter of the coating roller surface; and a tank containing an aqueous passivation solution, the tank providing the aqueous passivation solution to the coating roller.

Described herein is a method for treatment of at least one surface of a metal containing substrate including at least contacting the surface with an aqueous acidic Ni-free composition (A) including at least zinc cations, manganese cations, and phosphate anions to form a conversion coating on the surface and contacting the formed coating with an aqueous Ni-free composition (B) including one or more linear polymers (P) containing at least vinyl phosphonic acid, (meth)acrylic acid, and hydroxyethyl- and/or hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate in form of their polymerized monomeric units. Also described herein is the composition (B), a master batch to produce the composition (B), a kit-of-parts including both compositions (A) and (B), a kit-of-parts including respective master batches to produce both compositions (A) and (B), and a coated substrate obtainable by the method described herein.

Described herein is a method for treatment of at least one surface of a metal containing substrate including at least contacting the surface with an aqueous acidic Ni-free composition (A) including at least zinc cations, manganese cations, and phosphate anions to form a conversion coating on the surface and contacting the formed coating with an aqueous Ni-free composition (B) including one or more linear polymers (P) containing at least vinyl phosphonic acid, (meth)acrylic acid, and hydroxyethyl- and/or hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate in form of their polymerized monomeric units. Also described herein is the composition (B), a master batch to produce the composition (B), a kit-of-parts including both compositions (A) and (B), a kit-of-parts including respective master batches to produce both compositions (A) and (B), and a coated substrate obtainable by the method described herein.

An antimicrobial medical device that includes a substrate having a metal surface that is made from a metal or metal alloy that may include stainless steel, cobalt, and titanium. Disposed on the metal surface is a first antimicrobial oxide layer that includes an antimicrobial metal that may include silver, copper, and zinc, and combinations thereof. The atoms of antimicrobial metal in the first antimicrobial oxide layer are of a first concentration. The first antimicrobial oxide layer is positioned in a direction opposite that of the metal surface. The device further includes a second antimicrobial oxide layer that includes an antimicrobial metal that may be silver, copper, and zinc, and combinations thereof. The atoms of the antimicrobial metal present in the second antimicrobial oxide layer are of a second concentration. The first concentration and the second concentration are not equal. Methods for making the antimicrobial medical device are also disclosed.

An antimicrobial medical device that includes a substrate having a metal surface that is made from a metal or metal alloy that may include stainless steel, cobalt, and titanium. Disposed on the metal surface is a first antimicrobial oxide layer that includes an antimicrobial metal that may include silver, copper, and zinc, and combinations thereof. The atoms of antimicrobial metal in the first antimicrobial oxide layer are of a first concentration. The first antimicrobial oxide layer is positioned in a direction opposite that of the metal surface. The device further includes a second antimicrobial oxide layer that includes an antimicrobial metal that may be silver, copper, and zinc, and combinations thereof. The atoms of the antimicrobial metal present in the second antimicrobial oxide layer are of a second concentration. The first concentration and the second concentration are not equal. Methods for making the antimicrobial medical device are also disclosed.

An electrical steel sheet provided with an insulating coating is disclosed. Therefore, a pre-treatment liquid used on an electrical steel sheet having a forsterite coating on a surface thereof is provided before applying an insulating coating treatment liquid containing at least one salt selected from the group consisting of phosphate, borate, and silicate, the pre-treatment liquid. The pre-treatment liquid includes: at least one inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid; and acetic acid, wherein a content of the acetic acid is not less than 1 mass ppm and not more than 3000 mass ppm.

A structural member may include a primary metal member having a metal surface containing iron, the metal surface susceptible to corrosion, and a protective outer coating formed on the metal surface to resist corrosion. The coating may include a polyaspartic top coat layer and a passivation layer. The coating may be formed of a first part including an inorganic acid phosphate mixture and a second part including an inorganic alkaline metal oxide or hydroxide mixture. The first part may include an inorganic acid phosphate mixture having acidic phosphate component, filler, water as solvent, suspension agent, and nonionic surfactant. The second part may include an inorganic alkaline metal oxide or hydroxide mixture having metal oxide or hydroxide, filler, water as solvent, suspension agent, and surfactant.

A structural member may include a primary metal member having a metal surface containing iron, the metal surface susceptible to corrosion, and a protective outer coating formed on the metal surface to resist corrosion. The coating may include a polyaspartic top coat layer and a passivation layer. The coating may be formed of a first part including an inorganic acid phosphate mixture and a second part including an inorganic alkaline metal oxide or hydroxide mixture. The first part may include an inorganic acid phosphate mixture having acidic phosphate component, filler, water as solvent, suspension agent, and nonionic surfactant. The second part may include an inorganic alkaline metal oxide or hydroxide mixture having metal oxide or hydroxide, filler, water as solvent, suspension agent, and surfactant.