When forming valve seat coats at opening portions (16a.sub.1 to 16a.sub.8) of intake ports (16) provided at a cylinder block mounting surface (12a) of a semimanufactured cylinder head (3), the nozzle of a cold spray apparatus moves along a nozzle movement path for air intake (Inp1) that is set between any two of the plurality of opening portions (16a.sub.1 to 16a.sub.8), while continuing to spray a raw material powder. When forming valve seat coats at opening portions (17a.sub.1 to 17a.sub.8) of exhaust ports (17), the nozzle moves along a nozzle movement path for air exhaust (Enp1) that is set between any two of the plurality of opening portions (17a.sub.1 to 17a.sub.8), while continuing to spray the raw material powder.

When a steel material is processed to produce a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, conditions of a decarburization annealing process and conditions of a process before the decarburization annealing are adjusted so that a difference in concentration of O, Si, Al, Mn and P between the front and back surfaces of the steel sheet after the decarburization annealing is within a given range with respect to an average concentration between the front and back surfaces, and hence the difference in concentration of each of O, Si and Mg between the front and back surfaces of the product sheet is within ±5%, the difference in concentration of one or more of Al, Mn and P between the front and back surfaces is within ±15% and the difference in the concentration of one or more of Ca and Ti between the front and back surfaces is within ±20%.

The present invention provides an iron-aluminum-based plated steel sheet, and a manufacturing method therefor, the iron-aluminum-based plated steel sheet comprising a base steel sheet and a plated layer formed on the surface of the base steel sheet, wherein the alloy plated layer comprises: a diffusion layer comprising an Fe—Al-based intermetallic compound having a cubic structure; and an alloyed layer formed on the diffusion layer and composed of an alloy phase differing from that of the cubic structure, the thickness of the diffusion layer is 3-20 μm, and the thickness of the diffusion layer is greater than 50% of the total thickness of the plated layer.

Systems, devices, and methods that utilize a method of coating an interconnect for a SOEC or SOFC, the method including wet spraying a coating precursor powder onto an interconnect, and sintering the interconnect in an oxidizing ambient to form the coating.

The present invention comprises a coating, in particular for brake discs, brake drums and clutch discs, and also a brake disc for a disc brake or a brake drum for a drum brake or a clutch disc for a clutch, a disc brake or drum brake or clutch itself and also a method for producing a coating in particular for brake discs, brake drums and clutch discs, and the use of a coating. The coating has a first layer, which comprises a metal-based material, which contains less than 20% by weight tungsten carbide or other carbides, and a second layer, which is applied to the first layer and comprises a tungsten-carbide-containing material, which contains 20% by weight to 94% by weight tungsten carbide, wherein the first and the second layers are thermally sprayed coatings.

A method of 3D printing an item, wherein a spray material comprising a powder entrained in an oxygen comprising carrier gas is emitted from a spray nozzle 8. The nozzle 8 comprises a constricted throat 11 that has a thermal conductivity of at least 10 W/mk and a hardness of at least 10 Rockwell C (HRC). The temperature of the throat does not exceed 250° C., and preferably does not exceed 200° C.

A sprayable thermal barrier coating powder mixture for a gas turbine engine includes: a dry composition having a low surface area ceramic powder having a median particle size distribution greater than 5 microns and less than 50 microns, and a high surface area ceramic powder having a median particle size distribution smaller than 5 microns, wherein the low surface area ceramic powder makes up at least 50% by weight of the dry composition of the sprayable thermal barrier coating powder mixture.

A method for fabricating an electrical conductor on a substrate by cold spraying includes propelling a solid powder composition that includes copper and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite using a gas propellant, and directing the solid powder composition towards the substrate at a velocity sufficient to cause the solid powder composition to undergo plastic deformation and to adhere to the substrate to deposit the electrical conductor thereon.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a bi-layer coated steel substrate comprising an inner inorganic ceramic layer and an external sol-gel layer, or alternatively an inner sol-gel layer and an external inorganic ceramic layer and to the bi-layer coated steel substrate obtainable by this process.

A method for inspecting and repairing a surface of a component of a gas turbine engine, the method including: inserting an inspection and repair tool into an interior of the gas turbine engine; inspecting the surface of the component with the inspection and repair tool; performing a repair of the surface of the component with the inspection and repair tool from within the interior of the gas turbine engine, the inspection and repair tool remaining within the interior of the gas turbine engine between inspecting the component and performing the repair of the surface of the component.